I Believe In Wisdom Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

I Believe In Wisdom - Personal Statement Example  Albeit the disarray of growing up, nothing intriguing coming my direction that never grabbed my eye. As a general rule, I continued gauging the advantages that each introduced in my life. At the point when it hit me that insight assumed an extensive job in my life, I stood firm. Encounters had their impact, essentially to impact this stand. This is the one accept that for quite a while now has stayed with me, stayed with me, and molds the individual I am. In getting ready for my future, intelligence remains the noteworthy factor that I put into thought. Like an excursion, my solid confidence in shrewdness took a somewhat long course. At the point when it at long last came, I surely knew where my convictions lay; in astuteness. At a young age, the capacity of the Biblical Solomon to tackle the enormous instance of the two moms awed me more than it diverted me. The thinking behind his decision looking into the issue was past any critical decision I have ever known about. On a few ev ents, I made examinations of the decision of my country’s decided with the Solomon occurrence. My yearnings were never on being a lawful insight, neither legal counselor. However, my thinking on the various manners by which I could effectively make my very own decision and decisions swarmed my head. The distinction from my perspective and that of legitimate reasoning was basic; mine was not vested in any voluminous works I had learnt, or the different cases that I had perused and the choices came to in graduate school. Any individual can commit an error, however Solomon didn't. Individuals obtain information, however astuteness creates. This advanced of deduction unique in relation to the legitimate way of thinking, picking cognizant thinking and thinking. I had a major hunger for calm choices. Second thoughts, I assume, come upon poor organizers. I would not like to get one. Each time I was confronted with a difficult issue, I looked at this circumstance, gauged the odds acc essible and thought of their results. This, as I figured, would assist me with strolling through any trading off circumstance. At the point when one day my more youthful sibling began building up an amusing character, I put into test my shrewdness. His character took a radical change, as his school grades took a plunge. He dove from a top performing understudy to a low positioning understudy. This pulled in the consideration of his instructors, while my folks turned into a stressed parcel. Indeed, even with mentorship, observing and direction, he never appeared to change. Truly, he gave no indications of discouragement or stress. He was as attractive as usual, and didn't give any indications of weight reduction. What confused many is that while his character continued changing, his kinship never did; he kept indistinguishable companions from previously. Notwithstanding, he ate lesser amount of food, dozed abundance completely, talked less and quit playing his preferred game, the Pla yStation. Instructors thought he was experiencing pressure related issues, while my folks held a fairly unusual stand; he either was turning gay or was a medication fiend. Maybe his condition contrasted with both of these recognitions, even all. For me, this was a chance to test my insight. Insight doesn't depend on tried proof, however on an all around contemplated decision.â

Answers to Questions About Abbreviations

Answers to Questions About Abbreviations Answers to Questions About Abbreviations Answers to Questions About Abbreviations By Mark Nichol Reactions to some peruser inquiries about truncation issues follow. 1. Which is the favored truncation for â€Å"United States,† US or U.S.? The two structures are right, be that as it may, in light of a legitimate concern for consistency with the decrease of the utilization of periods in contractions, the pattern is to utilize US. (Note that the shortened form ought to be utilized distinctly as a modifier, not as a thing: â€Å"She was conceived in a US territory,† however not â€Å"She was conceived in the US.†) 2. When one truncates states, ought to there be any accentuation after, state, TX? Furthermore, are both the T and the X promoted? The short type of state names dependent on US Postal Service utilization and in fact considered an image as opposed to a contraction precludes periods, and the two letters are promoted. Be that as it may, the image ought to be utilized just when posting a location or in an outline or other realistic component where space is including some hidden costs. Paper style is to abridge as per The Associated Press Stylebook (for instance, Tex.), yet in numerous different periodicals and in many books, state names are generally illuminated in customary content. 3. I am showing a business-composing course, and I need to realize how to move toward terms like SOP or some other contraction. Does one say â€Å"an SOP† or â€Å"a SOP†? I surmise the equivalent would apply to â€Å"getting a MA† or â€Å"getting a MA.† Since we articulate each letter in these terms (â€Å"ess-gracious pee† and â€Å"em-ay†), instead of regarding them as words (â€Å"sop† and â€Å"mah†), the primary sound decides if we utilize an or a when we talk or compose the contraction. Likewise with different words beginning with the â€Å"ess† sound (particularly or basic, for instance), we go before SOP with an. The equivalent goes for MA, similarly as in, state, famous or frivolity. Testing phrases vocally is typically dependable (an appears to be simpler to state before these terms than a does), however there are special cases: â€Å"An memorable occasion† is simpler for me, in any event to state than â€Å"a notable occasion,† however an is â€Å"wrong.† See this post for more data. Need to improve your English in a short time a day? Get a membership and begin getting our composing tips and activities day by day! Continue learning! Peruse the Style classification, check our well known posts, or pick a related post below:Yours steadfastly or Yours sincerely?7 Patterns of Sentence StructureParataxis and Hypotaxis

Physical Education: Synoptics : David Beckham Essay

David Beckham has been playing football since an early age. He currently plays for Manchester United at a tip top level and chiefs England. He prepares and contends routinely. 1.AGGRESSION A few parts of football have advanced inconceivably in the most recent decade. A large number of which are applicable to the expanding position of hostility in football today. This implies hostility is a lot of a piece of David’s sport, and a perspective that he should comprehend. Administering bodies and refs are currently considerably more open and comprehension about animosity in football as they have understood the expanding impact that it has in the game. The principles mirror this, as counter (a forceful demonstration) is presently a programmed ‘sending off’ offense. This additionally applies to lifting of the hands and any expectation to hurt. Contention between groups is additionally an issue. When playing a neighborhood rival getting focuses isn't the players’ just rationale in progress. The two groups intend to win as essentially crushing the restriction matters more than acquiring focuses. Anyway this may prompt forceful conduct as the player feels that the stakes are higher (pride). It is additionally conceivable and bolstered through hypothesis that in games wherein he believes he is under-accomplishing he winds up being forewarned. This might be because of the hypothesis that expresses the athletes’ capacity is deficient contrasted with the undertaking they are given. This at that point makes them act in a forceful as opposed to emphatic way.

Filipino Mental Health Culture Paper

Presentation â€Å"Culture involves shared convictions esteems, and practices that control a group’s individuals in designed perspectives and acting. Culture can likewise be seen as an outline for managing activities that effect care, wellbeing, and well-being† (Leininger and McFarland, 2006). â€Å"Culture is more than ethnicity and social standards; it incorporates strict, geographic, financial, word related, capacity or inability related, and sexual direction related convictions and practices. Each gathering has social convictions, qualities, and practices that direct its individuals in perspectives and acting.Cultural standards help individuals from the gathering comprehend their general surroundings and settle on choices about fitting approaches to relate and carry on. Since social standards endorse what is â€Å"normal† and ‘abnormal,† culture creates ideas of emotional wellness and illness† (Varcarolis and Halter, 2010). Talked about fur ther will be the psychological well-being of Filipino Americans just as emotional well-being data from The Philippines. Emotional well-being Needs â€Å"A solid conviction that spirits are a reason for physical and psychological sickness is common all through the Western Pacific Region, including the Philippines.The solid impact of religion on the Filipino individuals has in any case, created a solid and positive feeling of otherworldliness, which is viewed as a wellspring of solidarity in the person. Since this otherworldliness is effectively recognized and rehearsed in networks, it is perceived as a significant way of dealing with stress in the midst of social hardship and drawback, emergencies, political changes, and common and man-Running Head: FILIPINO MENTAL HEALTH CULTURE PAPER 3 made disasters.Psychosocial mediation programs during these occasions regularly incorporate a psycho-profound methodology. It is however that the pace of fruitful self destruction is low since takin g one’s life is viewed as a transgression (Conde, 2004). † Family Support â€Å"The family is the essential unit of society. It is as yet viewed as significant and there is dynamic awareness in most of Filipinos to save this regardless of the numerous social conditions that compromise its structure and the jobs inside it.While the family unit is advancing in the quickly growing urban regions, more distant families are as yet predominant. Families are clos-weave and affected by custom. Significant choices are not made except if guardians are counseled and have given their endorsement. Family support is vital as a premise of network support in the midst of need† (Conde, 2004). â€Å"Mental ailment is managed through the assistance of loved ones and confidence in God. One's psychological burden is recognized as the family's disease and is related with disgrace and stigma.The open presentation of passionate distress is debilitated for social concordance. Help is reg ularly looked for from family members and friends before moving toward experts. Choices, including human services practices and inclinations, advance orders, and assent for techniques and treatment, are ordinarily made in meeting with the family† (Sanchez and Gaw, 2007). â€Å"Some families see youngsters with dysfunctional behavior as â€Å"bringers of good luck†. Filipinos readily communicate with people with dysfunctional behavior, yet they may not acknowledge them as companions or employees.The dismissal depends on the conviction that people with mental torment are Running Head: FILIPINO MENTAL HEALTH CULTURE PAPER 4 perilously flighty. Filipinos by and large genuinely penance time and livelihood to acknowledge and think about their crippled family members† (Sanchez and Gaw, 2007). Access to Mental Health Care â€Å"Among Asian American ethnic gatherings, Filipinos have the second biggest portrayal (behind their companions of Chinese family) inside the all o ut Asian American Pacific Islander populace of around 10 million individuals (U.S. Evaluation Bureau, 2002). † â€Å"Although Filipino Americans are commonly ordered inside the amassed â€Å"Asian American: gathering, Asian Americans are not a homogenous gathering as for psychological well-being status. † In an investigation looking at Asian ethnic gatherings and Asian-explicitly Filipino Americans have been found to have perhaps the most elevated level of burdensome manifestations of all Asian ethnic gatherings in the United States, second just to Korean Americans. In spite of the fact that the requirement for mental treatment exists, Filipino Americans were found to underutilize ublic outpatient emotional wellness administrations (Baello and Mori, 2007). â€Å"It would appear that Filipino Americans, saw as the most westernized of the Asian Americans, would be progressively able to adjust to the American culture. In any case, they stay among the most mislabeled and socially minimized of the Asian Americans. Expanded time of home in the United States may not really mirror an expansion in the selection of American way of life and culture† (Sanchez and Gaw, 2007) The Philippines have a National Mental Health Policy.There is no emotional wellness enactment and the laws that administer the arrangement of psychological wellness administrations are contained in Running Head: FILIPINO MENTAL HEALTH CULTURE PAPER 5 different pieces of composed laws, for example, Penal Code, Magna Carta for Disabled Person, Family Code, and the Dangerous Drug Act. The nation spends about 5% of the all out wellbeing financial plan on emotional wellness and considerable bits of it are spent on the activity and support of mental medical clinics. The new social protection conspire covers mental scatters however is restricted to intense inpatient care.Psychotropic drugs are accessible in the psychological wellness offices (World Health Organization 2006). There are fif teen network private (custodial home-care) offices that treat 1. 09 clients for every 100,000 overall communities. Mental emergency clinics treat roughly 9 patients for every 100,000 overall communities and the inhabitance rate is 92%. Most of patients conceded have a conclusion of schizophrenia. Every single legal bed (400) are at the national Center for mental health.Involuntary affirmations and the utilization of limitations or confinement are normal (World Health Organization 2006). Rules For Treatment A socially touchy methodology is suggested while thinking about treatment of Filipinos and Filipino Americans. These rules include: focus on migration history and provincial direction, decide the fundamental purpose behind treatment, guarantee satisfactory comprehension of the analysis and treatment plan, remembering that social restraints and nonverbal signals can misdirect the practioner, utilize viewable prompts and impart in an ollaborative way, encourage exchange, asking abou t physical just as psychological well-being grumblings, use the family and recognize the patient’s power chain of command, permit the patient time to process any data given, regard individual space, note quirks without making suppositions about Running Head: FILIPINO MENTAL HEALTH CULTURE PAPER 6 their significance, don't be deceived by the introducing influence keep up sensible utilization of prescriptions, and connect with the patient by effectively concentrating on the individual’s manifestations (Sanchez and Gaw, 2007) ConclusionAccess to emotional wellness offices is lopsided the nation over, preferring those living in or close to the National Capital Region. The national psychological well-being approach was placed into activity generally as of late. Network care for patients is available, yet is restricted. The poor association of essential medicinal services benefits in emotional wellness is additionally a component imparted to many low and lower center asset n ations. Therapists ought not spare a moment to expect a clinical role.Increased need to assets and a deliberately planned system of social administrations that perceives explicit sociopolitical, financial, and social needs must be set up while conveying emotional well-being administrations to Filipinos and Filipino Americans. It is perfect to include such administrations inside existing clinical foundations and staffed by socially touchy clinical, mental, and social assistance work force. Specialists need to hold onto culture as an amazing component in understanding the Filipino-American experience.A socially delicate and innovative way to deal with the individual ought to be embraced. Running Head: FILIPINO MENTAL HEALTH CULTURE PAPER 7 References Baello, J. , and Mori, L. (2007). Asian qualities, adherence and mental assistance looking for perspectives of filipino-americans. Diary of Multicultural, Gender and Minority Studies, 1(1), Retrieved from http://www. scientificjournals. o rganization/journals2007/articles/1261. pdf (Baello and Mori, 2007) Conde, B. (2004). Philippines emotional well-being nation profile.International Review of Psychiatry, 16(1-2), 159-166. Recovered from http://www. hawaii. edu/hivandaids/Philippines_Mental_Health_Country_Profile. pdf Leininger, M. , and McFarland, M. (2006). Social consideration decent variety and comprehensiveness: An overall nursing hypothesis (second ed. ). Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett (Leininger and McFarland 2006) Sanchez, F. , and Gaw, A. (2007). Psychological wellness care of filipino americans. Mental Services, 58(6), doi: 10. 1176/appi. ps. 58. 6. 810 United States Census Bureau. (2002). The Asian Population: 2000.Retrieved from site: http://www. evaluation. gov/nudge/2002pubs/c2kbr01-16. pdf Varcarolis, E. M. , and Halter, M. J. (2010). Establishments of mental psychological wellness nursing, a clinical methodology. (6 ed. ). St. Louis, Missouri: Saunders: Elsevier (Varcarolis and Halter, 2010) Departme nt of Health, Manila, The Philippines, Department of Health, Manila, The Philippine. (2006). Who-points report on emotional wellness framework in the philippines. Recovered from Wold Health Organization site: http://www. who. int/mental_health/proof/philippines_who_aims_report. pdf

What is a Double-Blind Study

What is a Double-Blind Study At some point or another in our lives, everyone has needed for a certain medicine. Is it a headache? Here, pop an Aspirin! Do you have bad digestion?An antacid! An antibiotic for your infection, and so on.Hopefully, fewer people had more severe medical issues that required more aggressive treatment immunosuppressants, cancer drugs, chemotherapy, and so many others.But when you just take the medicine that the doctor prescribed, has it ever crossed your mind to wonder how did a pharmaceutical company came to a conclusion that that specific medicine works for that specific ailment?Another thing that comes to mind is: why do doctors say that you should not use medicine X anymore, but that you should start to use medicine Y because it is better i.e. it has fewer side effects, it works quicker, it works better.How do they know?Well, it is obvious that they did not just randomly decide that.Recommendations of the kind are a product of a carefully conducted process that starts with the cre ation of the new medicine that may include biotechnology, testing it in a lab and later on animals, after that comes the time for human testing, and finally, putting it out to be purchased off the counter or prescribed by a doctor.In this text, we will focus on the third part of drug testing and that is human testing.We will answer questions on how the studies/trials are conducted, what the types of studies are, are they ethical and so on.WHAT IS A CLINICAL TRIAL?A clinical trial is conducted when there is a potentially better, new drug or treatment for a specific ailment or disease.It is usually the case with rare or difficult diseases or diseases that still do not have a treatment that works e.g. Alzheimers.The trials also happen for cancer treatments, or any other condition people might develop to be it physical or psychological.Clinical trials may observe the effects of the drug, the side effects, and behavioral changes. They are conducted with the advancement of medicine, and p eoples overall wellbeing in mind.For a clinical trial to be conducted in a way that gives significant and valid results, participants have to be chosen according to particular criteria that relate to the object of the clinical trial.For example, if a new Alzheimers drug is being tested- a participant firstly has to have the disease, then they have to be at a preferred stage of the disease (e.g. starting to show symptoms, but the disease is not too far gone).To determine whether a patient qualifies for the trial there is the participant screening process that is used as the baseline for potential improvement and data collection.The participants, if they qualify, are then informed about the possible benefits, risks, outcomes and so on, and are required to sign an informed consent stating that they have understood all that will be happening during the trial.If a person participating in a study is not able to make their own decisions, their medical proxy signs the informed consent.If yo u have or know somebody who has a condition that might be improved by participating in a clinical trial, you should know that participants are randomly chosen, although the participation has to be voluntary.The doctor may mention that a study is available, and you can choose to participate.Patients choose to participate because they want to potentially be one of the first people to ever receive treatment for a condition.In such a way they are actively contributing to the development of medicine, and without volunteers who are open to such participation, medical advancement would be thwarted.TYPES OF CLINICAL TRIALSThere are various ways in which a clinical trial may be conducted and they are called study designs. In this text, we will focus on randomized trials and their subtypes. Source: anzmtg.org The way in which you can conduct a randomized study is the blind studies.In blind studies either the participants or the medical team along with the participants are not aware of the fact whether they have received the treatment which is being tested or not.i. Single-Blind StudyIn a single-blind study, the medical team knows which group has gotten medication that is being tested, but the participants do not know that.It is used in treatments where patients bias can affect the results of the trials.The issue with a single-blind study is that, since they have all the information, the medical teams bias can harm the research.They can subconsciously pay more attention to the subjects receiving the treatments as opposed to those who are not. This is avoided with a double-blind study.ii. Double-Blind StudyIn a double-blind study, neither the medical team nor the participants are aware of the treatment distribution.It is considered a go-to study design for many reasons th at are mainly ethical and psychological, and it ensures the most valid results at the end of the research because both participants and teams bias is eliminated.A double-blind study is also used in many other types of scientific research besides medical research, such as psychological, behavioral, market research and so on. HOW DOES A DOUBLE-BLIND STUDY WORK?First of all, there has to be a sufficient number of study participants.The double blind study happens in the second and third phase of a clinical trial. In the second phase the required number of participants is from 20 to 80.The participants are usually healthy individuals. The data collected in this stage of the trial are usually related to the side effects that the drug may cause i.e. worsening in the subjects; condition.The third stage of the trial is a second double blind study. The number of participants in this stage is usually at least 100, however more preferable one ranges from 100 to 300 participants. The participant s are then randomly divided into 2 groups:The ones who receive the active treatment, new drug, supplement or anything else that could be tested in a trialThe ones who get a placebo or an already standardized medication depending on the type of study Source: prehospitalresearch.euOptionally, there is the third group of participants a.k.a. the control groups whose members do not get any treatment whatsoever but are just used as a baseline.For example, people with depression will naturally show improvement after some time that cannot be contributed to the effects of the medicine given in a trial which tests the new antidepressant.Let us say here how important it is to understand depression, and to seek help where needed.The difference between the improvements between groups with treatment (both actual medicine and placebo) is compared to the improvements of the control group and they show the actual effects of the new antidepressant.In many cases, the placebo group can be considered the control group.For example, if a new cancer drug is being tested, the control group will get standard treatment, and the other group of participants will get the new drug.This type of a blind-study is called comparative blind study (as opposed to pla cebo-controlled study) as the premise is that you compare the effects and side effects of an old drug that is already in use to the (side) effects of a new one.Having a third group of cancer patients as a control group here would be extremely unethical as they would be deprived of a medicine.On the other hand, if, for example, you are testing a new supplement that is supposed to, say, improve athletic performance, then it will be completely okay to use three groups of participants and observe the effects of both the supplement and the placebo.For the study to be correct, all three groups would have to be on the same workout regime, sleep management, and diet. So the study would look like this:Group one: training + supplementGroup two: training + placeboGroup three: trainingAfter the two blind studies, if the effects of the substance are proven beneficial, the FDA approves its use and allows it to be used.The effects and side effects are still followed, although in a non-controlled e nvironment, on a larger number of people (3000+) and over a longer period of time.EXPERIMENT EFFECTFor any type of blind study to give valid results, participants have to be unaware of whether they have received a placebo or an active substance that is being tested.In a double-blind study the team, as was already mentioned, is also unaware of this.This is important as people are highly susceptible to biases which can affect both the patient and the medical staff.It is long known that a patients psychological state and motivation can highly influence the outcome of treatments or interventions the ones with the will to fight the illness have a better success rate than those who lost their hope and have already given up regardless of the fact that they have received the exact same treatment for the exact same (level of) disease.Keeping the participants blind to the information what they have received eliminates both good and bad effects of motivation, and provides the conditions for o bjective results regarding the effects of the substance on trial.On the other hand, there is something called the experimenter effect, the observer-expectancy effect or the Clever Hans effect.The experimenter effect is characterized by the staff working on the trial subconsciously affecting the study rendering it invalid.People are emotional beings so, if included in a trial as a part of the research team, you want the research to succeed either for the pure altruism- you wish to help people, or just because you want to be connected to a medical breakthrough and have a successful career.If a doctor knows which patient got a placebo and which one got an active agent, they might subconsciously ask questions in a manner that will give out that information to the patient, who, again subconsciously picks up the cues that the doctor emits.This psychological effect has been shown on a number of occasions, and it is very interesting to note that even animals can pick up such cues, so why no t people?A doctor may also tend to pay closer attention to the patients on the drug rather than those on placebo.The people involved in collecting and comparing data might, under such biases, overlook the lack of valid data or the negative data, and read into the preferable data too much.In any case, the results of the study are not valid enough to continue with the research knowing that there are real scientific benefits of the medicine.PlaceboThe definition of the placebo is a pharmacologically inert preparation prescribed for the mental relief of the patient, or used especially in controlled experiments testing the efficacy of another substance .   The origin of the word is Latin for I shall please.The placebo can be a sugar pill of the same shape, taste, and size as the actual pill, a saline solution for intravenous infusions such as chemotherapy, or any other form which corresponds to the active substance.The reason behind it is that a patient should not be able to deduce that they may get a placebo instead of the active medication.In clinical studies, as well as in life in general, a placebo can have really powerful effects on the human psyche and it is called the placebo effect.The placebo effect is based on the premise that the human brain is capable of convincing the body to heal itself (or harm itself as we will see later in the text).It is about getting real results with fake input. It is already well known that this happens but it is still not understood how this happens.Placebos have been proved to alleviate depression, anxiety, pain, insomnia, improve your mood and sharpen thinking. It is based on the belief that you are taking an actual medication.Here is an example of a placebo in a less serious and formal environment. Namely, in the tv series The Big Bang Theory a character named Raj has a disorder that manifests as his inability to speak to women unless he has had some alcohol.In this scene, he drinks a beer and manages to have a conversation with a girl on the train, only to stop when it is pointed out to him that the beer was a non-alcoholic beer (start at 2:20). However, it is more than just positive thinking and auto-suggestion that make you feel better.There have been studies that show that people still show signs of improvement after they have been informed that what they got was, in fact, a placebo.This improvement is said to come as a consequence of the ritualistic behavior of visiting a doctor and the trust we put in them. It has to do with the expectations we expect to feel better after we consult with a doctor.It is pretty much the same thing as when a mother kisses a childs knee after he has fallen and injured himself.The kiss does not really heal the hurt knee, but the very action and attention that the child receives help him feel better.Even adults sometimes use this as a very open placebo. Remember the origin of the word? I shall please.And even this is not all. It is not only our mental perception but also our physiological reaction to that anticipation, which actually activates immune responses that limit the secretion of damaging stress hormones.Studies have linked the placebo effect with the bodys natural production of pain-relieving endorphins.So the expectation of feeling better, in reality, causes the brain to secrete endorphins that naturally make you feel better.NoceboThe power of thought, however, can work against you, too.The nocebo effect is completely the opposite of the placebo effect, and it is characterized by human brain creating negative effects on the body and the psyche.For example, when you are in a fun park and want to go in a haunted house, your belief that something scary awaits is what actually makes you scared, even though there are just dolls, spider webs and surprises inside. Your body expects something negative and reacts accordingly.Another drastic example is of a butcher who accidentally locked himself in a cold room.He started to panic and caused hi mself to freeze although the cold room was out of order at the time, and the temperature inside was as in any other room in the shop.The nocebo effect in the clinical trials is seen in the manifestation of the drugs side effects. Namely, participants who are given the active agent may feel some side effects, although they are more likely to experience them if they were previously informed about what they may be.If the side effects are not communicated to the participants they are less likely to experience them.Proof of this lays in the fact that a certain percentage of participants on placebo experience the same side effects like the ones on the active agent, even though there is absolutely no physical or physiological reason for the side effects to appear.This could be avoided by keeping the side effects from the participants but that action would not be in ethical or legal accordance with the informed consent. The other issue with the nocebo or the lack of placebo is directly rela ted to how the patients are given the medicine in a double-blind study.The doctor essentially says you may be given a real medicine or you may be given a placebo. You dont know, and I dont know.This action may create doubt and thus, the nocebo effect, not just about the side effects of the medicine but its general effectiveness.BALANCED PLACEBO DESIGNA possible solution for the issues that arise in the double-blind study regarding the placebo and nocebo effects can be solved by implementing the balanced placebo design.This design would consist of four groups of participants two placebo groups and two active agent groups.The effects of the medicine, as well as expectancy, would be more realistically measured because, in this design, the groups are differently informed about what has been given to them. For example placebo:Group 1 is given a placebo and is informed that what they have received is placeboGroup 2 is given placebo and is informed but they have received the active agen tGroup 3 is given the active agent but is informed that they have received placeboGroup 4- is given the active agent and is informed that they have received the active agentSo this is a trial that simultaneously tracks the efficacy of the substance, and the psychological effects of the placebo.Although balanced placebo design provides the solution for the statistical issues that arise and the psychological effects on the drugs success, it is arguable how ethical it is to deliberately misinform the participants on what they are actually getting from the trial.FINAL WORDWith the constant advancement of medicine and the appearance of new drugs for diseases and illnesses that have been a serious problem for many people all over the world, the need for double-blinded studies is ever-present.Thanks to them, and their volunteer participants medical breakthroughs are happening more often in this day in age than ever before.Yes, the risks are great, as great as the benefits, but without tho se risks medical and pharmaceutical progress would be stunted, leaving many people without hope of a cure.Considering ethical, legal and medicinal aspects of a double-blind study, we can say that, although not perfect, it is still the best choice for such a type of research.Well, at least until the technology comes up with ways to test new substances without experimenting on animals and people.

Insider tips on how to adjust to your new city

Adjusting to a new environment can be tough, especially when youre a new student. Juggling the changes in your life—being away from home, living in a city, and attending a new school—can be a daunting task. Thankfully, our Student Services teams at our undergraduate campuses in San Francisco, London, and from September 2017 Boston, are experts in making our undergrads feel welcome and right at home. Here are their top tips on how you can adjust to your new city and ace this exciting chapter of your life: Take a walk at the picturesque Beacon Hill. Boston   Walk the Freedom Trail The 2.5 mile-long Freedom Trail is one of the best ways to get acquainted with the city. The trail is bookmarked by the Boston Commons, America’s oldest park and Bunker Hill Monument in Charlestown, on opposite ends. Mapped out in red bricks set into the pavement, the trail will lead you to 16 historic sites all conveniently located in and around the heart of the city. Along the way, you can also make food pitstops at Faneiul Hall Marketplace, Boston Public Market, and The North End, Boston’s very own Little Italy. Cheer on the runners during the Boston Marathon Join the ranks of over 500,000 spectators in what is easily the best sporting event in the annual roster of Boston sporting events (unless someone makes the playoffs). The Boston Marathon is a world-class —and also the world’s oldest!— marathon. Traditionally held every year on Patriots’ Day, the third Monday of April, this 26-mile long race attracts elite competitors, many of whom are running for a good cause, but also for a love of the city. Fun fact: since 1903, the Boston Red Sox play a home game at Fenway Park, promptly starting at 11:05 am so that when the game ends, all attendees can cheer on the runners entering the final mile of the race in nearby Kenmore Square. Visit Museums on the Free Days Boston is home to a number of museums and because it welcomes a large student population every September, the museums are apt to giving students discounted tickets. There are even specific days in the week where museums are free to the public. Most people know of the Museum of Fine Arts, the largest art collection in Boston, but just up the street is a hidden gem: The Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum, where visitors can enjoy the private collection of this 19th-century socialite in her own palatial home. For a full schedule of museums that are free, please click here. Enjoy the Charles River in all shapes and forms Every major city is situated by a body of water, and for Boston, we have The Charles. The Charles River cuts through Cambridge and runs northward past Back Bay, providing sweeping scenery of the city. You can kayak and sail on the Charles during the summer to stay active, or take a more relaxed approach and join a sightseeing cruise that docks at the nearby CambridgeSide Galleria. In October, The Charles River is the site of The Head of the Regatta, the world’s largest two-day rowing competition. Find your sport Boston is undeniably America’s sports capital. In the last decade, every major sporting team in Boston has secured a championship—The Red Sox in 2004, The Celtics in 2008, The Bruins in 2011, and the New England Patriots in 2002. As the oldest ballpark in the country, a visit to Fenway Park is an absolute must and tickets start as low as $35 in the bleacher seats. The Celtics and The Bruins both play their respective basketball/hockey games at TD Garden right in downtown Boston. Basketball games are usually cheaper than hockey games. The Patriots, however, play a good hour outside of Boston in Foxborough at Gillette Stadium and tickets are not cheap, so do keep that in mind if you don’t mind if you are thinking of going to see them play. Tips shared by  Izzy Pulido, Student Services, Boston campus. Discover the numerous London coffee shops, the perfect place to study on the weekends. London Download London based apps To get acquainted with London we can’t think of any better way than downloading the most popular apps. Take a look at Citymapper and Santander Cycles for all your travel needs and to find out about all the latest happenings in London be sure to download Time Out London. Enjoy the best of theatre One of the best things about being in London is that you get to experience the Westend with some of the best shows on the planet like Les Miserables, The Lion King, Phantom of the Opera and more. From historic venues to small independent quirky venues, London theatre really does have it all. Travel the world with your taste buds With the Undergraduate campus being based in one of the most culturally varied cities in the world you don’t want to miss an opportunity to discover some unique food experiences. From rainbow bagels on Brick Lane to the unique sensory experience of dining in complete darkness at Dans Le Noir, there is something for everyone here. Get acquainted with the art scene London boasts some of the most famous museums in the world but if you would like to see a more modern take on art, Shoreditch is renowned for its Street Art. With contributors such as Banksy and Stik, the Street Art Walking tours are always popular. Whitechapel Gallery is also just 5 minutes walk from campus, next to Aldgate East tube. Fun fact: you can also see some of Stiks original artwork on display at the Hult campus. Spend your weekend at a choice of parks Take in two unique London skylines from Primrose Hill and Greenwich Park. Take a picnic or simply just admire the view from two of the best free parks London has to offer. The beautiful Hyde Park always has something to offer from Winter Wonderland to the Diwali festival, located near Buckingham Palace is a must whilst you are exploring London. There are lots of green spaces to be found in London, find out more. Tips shared by Michelle Coles, Student Services, London. Culture Day at the Hult San Francisco campus. San Francisco Be a tourist for a day One of the best ways to get acquainted with your new city is through cycling! Ride through the city on your bike and make your way across the Golden Gate Bridge and into Sausalito. We promise you, the numerous up-hill pedals is worth it! Explore hidden food gems Go beyond the typical restaurants and explore the different farmers market and food market in San Francisco. Go to Ferry Building on Saturday and discover the secret breakfast at Humphrey Slocombe. The weekend markets can get busy with locals and tourists so make sure to go early. For other food spots in the city, read this article from our Hult San Francisco alumnus. Support your citys sports team There is no better way to unite a city than through sports. Make sure to watch at least one San Francisco Giants baseball game in your 3 or 4 years time at Hult. You would not be disappointed at the impressive ATT stadium! That alone is worth it. Express your love for science Located just a few minutes from the Hult San Francisco campus, the Exploratorium is your go-to place to learn and discover all things related to science. Its a great way to spend a free day with your friends and experience a fun, and at times silly, approach to learning. Discover Californias beauty One of the best things about studying and living in San Francisco is its proximity to picturesque places like the Napa Valley and Lake Tahoe. In just 2 to 3 hours driving youll already find yourself surrounded by nature and experiencing the best of the Californian lifestyle. To find out more about our undergraduate programs and global campuses, download a brochure.   Hult offers a range of highly skills-focused and employability-driven business school programs including a range of MBA options and a comprehensive one year Masters in International Business. To find out more, take a look at our blog Student perspective: Adjusting to life abroad and how I knew Hult was right for me. Download a brochure or get in touch today to find out how Hult can help you to learn about the business world, the future, and yourself. DebbieGacutan Written by Hult staff blogger Debbie Gacutan. Originally from the Philippines and now based in the UK, she has worked and traveled in numerous countries around the world. Her writing focuses on the student experience in higher education. Related posts Academics Beyond (narrow) business concepts: â€Å"Soft† skills turn out to be critical skills News Building success: Dual Degree students win at USASBE Community How going beyond business at Hult helped me launch my company Admissions Accepted Students Weekend: A weekend to remember Careers Career mapping: How to become an executive in the next 5 years 0 Thought leadership How to prepare for an uncertain future in a world of AI Instagram Hult Rotation offers you a chance to study in a truly global way. Our rotation program allows you to study and be immersed in some of the finest cities in the world. 📠¸: @jasminmanzano . Hult Rotation offers you a chance to study in a truly global way. Our rotation program allows you to study and be immersed in some of the finest cities in the world. 📠¸: @jasminmanzano . Each year, Hult seeks to enroll a talented and ambitious incoming class from all over the world. We look for diverse students with a wide range of experiences, perspectives, and interests—students who will thrive in our unique educational atmosphere. Are you ready for a truly global experience? 📠¸: @iambrunadiniz . Each year, Hult seeks to enroll a talented and ambitious incoming class from all over the world. We look for diverse students with a wide range of experiences, perspectives, and interests—students who will thrive in our unique educational atmosphere. Are you ready for a truly global experience? 📠¸: @iambrunadiniz . We’re excited to start 2020 on a ranking high! Hult is proud to have been placed #28 in Poets Quants 2020 rankings for Best Undergraduate Business Schools in the US. Taking a huge leap of 32 places from our 2019 position, we’re also very happy to have secured top positions in key categories like: life-changing experience, practicality of the degree, and global immersion. . With five global campuses, a student body of over 130 nationalities, and a learn-by-doing approach—Hult offers a student experience like no other. . We’re excited to start 2020 on a ranking high! Hult is proud to have been placed #28 in Poets Quants 2020 rankings for Best Undergraduate Business Schools in the US. Taking a huge leap of 32 places from our 2019 position, we’re also very happy to have secured top positions in key categories like: life-changing experience, practicality of the degree, and global immersion. . With five global campuses, a student body of over 130 nationalities, and a learn-by-doing approach—Hult offers a student experience like no other. . â€Å"I’m from an engineering background and needed a whole new skill set for the industry I wanted to switch to. I learned a lot about myself and how I deal with being out of my comfort zone. I learned both soft and hard skills, from how to work in very diverse teams to key accounting metrics and strategy. I was surprised by how weak I was at certain tasks in English or how strong I actually was in other areas. Hult gave me opportunities to try new things and meet people from places I never thought I would have friends. . My internship experiences gave me the chance to broaden my view of different cultures and different companies. I had the opportunity to work and live with people whose values differed from people in my home country. I thought that this would be difficult, but it gave me the chance to reflect on my own values and assess if they were a result of my home country environment or if they were intrinsically mine. . Diederick ter Kulve (@diederick.terkulve) Netherlands Masters in International Business . â€Å"I’m from an engineering background and needed a whole new skill set for the industry I wanted to switch to. I learned a lot about myself and how I deal with being out of my comfort zone. I learned both soft and hard skills, from how to work in very diverse teams to key accounting metrics and strategy. I was surprised by how weak I was at certain tasks in English or how strong I actually was in other areas. Hult gave me opportunities to try new things and meet people from places I never thought I would have friends. . My internship experiences gave me the chance to broaden my view of different cultures and different companies. I had the opportunity to work and live with people whose values differed from people in my home country. I thought that this would be difficult, but it gave me the chance to reflect on my own values and assess if they were a result of my home country environment or if they were intrinsically mine. . Diederick ter Kulve (@diederick.terkulve) Netherlands Masters in International Business . Say a big hello to our Bachelor of Business Administration program cover star, Elisa Orus Plana âÅ" ¨ . â€Å"I’m excited for the future—especially that I cant predict whats going to happen. Maybe Ill end up in Mexico working for a trading company or maybe in Africa, developing my own business. Everything is possible, and the options are constantly changing. I love the idea that Im never going to be stuck doing the same job until the end of my life if I dont want it to be like this. . Hult really supports me and my ambitions and truly believes that we deserve to be considered as professionals as well as students. Here, I get to express not just my opinions but all elements of myself. From my creative side with the Fashion Society to my finance and business sides in Trading Club and the Management Consulting Club. We get a different type of learning here. Not just essential knowledge and theory, but practical skills and mindset. The school is always evolving. We’re encouraged to innovate and to always look for new ways of doing traditional things. We learn how to be more confident and become aware of how we can impact our environment. The school aims to help you become a better version of yourself and to stand out from the crowd.â€Å" . Elisa Orus Plana French Bachelor of Business Administration Class of 2021 Say a big hello to our Bachelor of Business Administration program cover star, Elisa Orus Plana âÅ" ¨ . â€Å"I’m excited for the future—especially that I cant predict whats going to happen. Maybe Ill end up in Mexico working for a trading company or maybe in Africa, developing my own business. Everything is possible, and the options are constantly changing. I love the idea that Im never going to be stuck doing the same job until the end of my life if I dont want it to be like this. . Hult really supports me and my ambitions and truly believes that we deserve to be considered as professionals as well as students. Here, I get to express not just my opinions but all elements of myself. From my creative side with the Fashion Society to my finance and business sides in Trading Club and the Management Consulting Club. We get a different type of learning here. Not just essential knowledge and theory, but practical skills and mindset. The school is always evolving. We’re encouraged to innovate and to always look for new ways of doing traditional things. We learn how to be more confident and become aware of how we can impact our environment. The school aims to help you become a better version of yourself and to stand out from the crowd.â€Å" . Elisa Orus Plana French Bachelor of Business Administration Class of 2021"> During the final days of 2019, you probably reflected on what you’ve accomplished this year—and even this decade—and what you’d like to achieve in 2020. Let us know in the comments below. During the final days of 2019, you probably reflected on what you’ve accomplished this year—and even this decade—and what you’d like to achieve in 2020. Let us know in the comments below. â€Å"The first time we did group work on the program, I went head-to-head with a colleague. It taught me a lot about how I see people, how people see me, and how conflict can be resolved in a kind and productive way. The best feedback you get, when delivered constructively, is the most critical because it really feeds into how you lead. I’ve completely reversed my leadership style—the result is so much richer and more powerful when you lead from behind and lead with strength. . Studying in tandem with working, whilst challenging, gave me the perfect platform to directly apply learning concepts into my business environment, the competitive landscape, and the real-estate industry as a whole. When I started the program, I was very happy in my corporate role. But my courage and aspirations grew to the point that I took on a whole new direction. Having my career coach, Joanna, as a sounding board allowed me to really be strategic and get to know myself. She coached me thro ugh all the interviews, the research, and the questions. It went in parallel with what I was doing academically and after six months everything just clicked. . I went into the EMBA knowing I had nothing to lose and I’ve come out with everything. Great strength, global friends, amazing learning, mentors from professors, a job I love, and the knowledge that I can set my mind to achieve anything and with the right support and resources I’ll get there.† . Kashani Wijetunga British, New Zealand Sri Lankan Associate Director Senior Strategy Consultant CBRE EMBA Class of 2019 . â€Å"The first time we did group work on the program, I went head-to-head with a colleague. It taught me a lot about how I see people, how people see me, and how conflict can be resolved in a kind and productive way. The best feedback you get, when delivered constructively, is the most critical because it really feeds into how you lead. I’ve completely reversed my leadership style—the result is so much richer and more powerful when you lead from behind and lead with strength. . Studying in tandem with working, whilst challenging, gave me the perfect platform to directly apply learning concepts into my business environment, the competitive landscape, and the real-estate industry as a whole. When I started the program, I was very happy in my corporate role. But my courage and aspirations grew to the point that I took on a whole new direction. Having my career coach, Joanna, as a sounding board allowed me to really be strategic and get to know myself. She coached me thro ugh all the interviews, the research, and the questions. It went in parallel with what I was doing academically and after six months everything just clicked. . I went into the EMBA knowing I had nothing to lose and I’ve come out with everything. Great strength, global friends, amazing learning, mentors from professors, a job I love, and the knowledge that I can set my mind to achieve anything and with the right support and resources I’ll get there.† . Kashani Wijetunga British, New Zealand Sri Lankan Associate Director Senior Strategy Consultant CBRE EMBA Class of 2019 . â€Å"It was now or never. I knew that I’d have likely stayed in my neighborhood for years to come if I didn’t take this opportunity. I’d not lived or studied outside of the U.S. before. So I left my job as a global strategist at an advertising agency and moved halfway around the world. I’ve come back a more culturally aware, well-versed person. I’ve realized that everything is a learning experience and an opportunity for growth. Ill definitely carry this mindset with me into the future. Technology and social media allow us to be different people in several places at once. Im excited to see how I can establish myself in whatever city Ill be lucky enough to call home and still maintain deep connections with people all over the world. I’m inspired by my classmates every day. Hearing some of their life stories and how getting this degree fits into their greater mission has been very humbling. My biggest challenge has been finding the ‘right’ path for me. There have been rooms Ive felt like I shouldnt be in, but now Im proud to feel as though I truly belong, wherever I am.† . Dwayne Logan, Jnr. American MBA Class of 2019 . â€Å"It was now or never. I knew that I’d have likely stayed in my neighborhood for years to come if I didn’t take this opportunity. I’d not lived or studied outside of the U.S. before. So I left my job as a global strategist at an advertising agency and moved halfway around the world. I’ve come back a more culturally aware, well-versed person. I’ve realized that everything is a learning experience and an opportunity for growth. Ill definitely carry this mindset with me into the future. Technology and social media allow us to be different people in several places at once. Im excited to see how I can establish myself in whatever city Ill be lucky enough to call home and still maintain deep connections with people all over the world. I’m inspired by my classmates every day. Hearing some of their life stories and how getting this degree fits into their greater mission has been very humbling. My biggest challenge has been finding the ‘right’ path for me. There have been rooms Ive felt like I shouldnt be in, but now Im proud to feel as though I truly belong, wherever I am.† . Dwayne Logan, Jnr. American MBA Class of 2019 . Happy New Year, Hultians! . Happy New Year, Hultians! .

Abstract. “Astrobiology Is The Field Of Study Focused On

Abstract â€Å"Astrobiology is the field of study focused on searches for life and possible habitats for such life on other worlds† (2014). The science of astrobiology has many areas of study and is important because it helps us find other places in the universe that could be habitable, determine the potential for habitable planets beyond the solar system, and understand those planets that we can observe in the universe. Scientists have many ideas on how to recognize signs of life on other planets (Des Marais et al., 2008). NASA has done many missions to planets and moons in our solar system and beyond, searching for life. ASTROBIOLOGY According to the textbook Astro2, â€Å"Astrobiology is the field of study focused on the search for†¦show more content†¦Habitable world’s research uses the history of life on Earth to discover life on other worlds and how it might develop. It also searches for life that once existed on dead planets. Research in the area of emerging worlds tries to understand how the sun and the planets surrounding it developed. Instrument development programs to see far off worlds involves building satellites and telescopes that can see distant worlds and distant conditions for habitation (â€Å"NASA Astrobiology, n.d.†) Exoplanet research advances our knowledge and understanding of planets outside of our solar system. Its objectives are the detection of exoplanets and their characteristics. Planetary protection involves efforts to not contaminate other planets by introducing hazardous organisms. This keeps other planets in a natural state and it ensures any organisms fou nd by scientists on other planets did not originate from Earth. It also involves protecting our planet from organisms from other worlds. This is done by setting planetary protection policy, designing sterile spacecraft, and planning to protect the Earth from organisms in returned samples. The goal of the laboratory analysis of returned samples is laboratory testing for samples returned from missions to

Gender Differences and Behavior in Schools - 1401 Words

What â€Å"area† have you chosen as the focus for your level 6 research project, why do you think this is worthy of research? My level six research project will be looking into behaviour in schools; this will also carry an element of individual and, correspondingly, gender differences. This is worthy of research as even though there has been a vast amount of research completed already, about behaviour, this specific topic is somewhat less researched. Saying this, it is important to note that this specific topic has been researched previously, and that the only way it can be seen as a less researched topic is when it is compared with wider educational research. This is due to the colossal amount of educational research that has been undertaken†¦show more content†¦The chosen data collection methods, which are; observations, semi-structured interviews and hot air balloon, will all present me with three sets of qualitative data. Optimistically, the hot air balloon method will be set up in a communal area where both Key Stage One staff and pupils can write one attitude towards learning on a post it not e and stick it up for everyone else to see. Furthermore, the semi-structured interviews will just be with the Key Stage One teachers, whilst the observations will only focus on the pupils. These were chosen over other methods because of the title not being compatible with quantitative data. My project intends to discover attitudes towards learning and, more importantly, how they portray themselves in the classroom; therefore, a list of statistics aren’t going to help identify that. On the other hand, a mixed method approach may be considered as it could be beneficial to list the most common attitudes towards learning; this data could be collected using a tally chart (Johnson and Christensen, 2010). What is your chosen research design? Why do you think this is the best way to achieve the project’s aims/research questions? I have opted for a case study research design, as it has been used by other researchers who used similar data collection methods to me (Wilson, 2013, pp.84-86). A case study approach isShow MoreRelatedGender Stereotyping Essay1134 Words   |  5 PagesStereotypical behavior is not a new trend, but rather an ongoing lifestyle for today’s society. Gender stereotyping, a sub-category of stereotypes, opens many revelations, developments, and behaviors. While there are psychologists that differ in opinion, education and employment seems to be the primary sources where it is believed that most people both obtains and acts out their stereotypical behavior (Sax Harper 671). The origins of gender differences are particularly hard to trace, but argumentsRead MoreThe Theory Of Equality And Gender Roles1176 Words   |  5 Pagesthis society? Gender roles are based on the different expectations that individuals, groups, and societies have of individuals based on their sex and based on each society s values and beliefs about gender. Gender roles are the product of the interactions between individuals and their environments, and they give individuals cues about what sort of behavior is believed to be appropriate for what sex. Appropriate gender roles are defined according to a society s beliefs about differences between theRead MoreSingle Sex Classes Should Not Be Incorporated Into Schools Essay1523 Words   |  7 Pagesmale and female students and teaching them in different schools or classes. Although controversial and often looked as antiquated, more Americans have been considering single-sex schools as a viable option since the early 2000’s. The reason? With various problems public school education faces, many parents have been looking at single-sex education as a potential solution to some of those problems. In addition, with the very convincing gender rhetoric those in favor for single-sex schooling use, it’sRead MoreGender Socialization And Gender Roles1452 Words   |  6 Pages120 Professor Lessor 5/14/2016 Gender role in socialization Gender socialization and gender roles have always existed in society. Gender roles are playing major part in our way of living. As we grow, we learn how to behave and respect from those surrounding us as well as children learn at a young age what it means to be a boy or a girl in our society . there are certain roles placed on boys and girls in accordance with their gender. These gender roles are set on children from birth andRead MoreDo Schools and Mass Media Contribute to Stereotyped Gender Roles in Chinese Society?1586 Words   |  6 PagesGender role is defined as the social position and behavioral norm that is considered appropriate for an individual of a specific gender in the society (Liu, 2003). Every society has its unique culture and gender role is one of the products of a society’s history and culture. It is not set up by a single person within a short period, but by countless people in the society for thousands years. Parents started to shape their childrenâ₠¬â„¢s gender by dressing and naming them according to their gender soonRead MoreDifferences Between Girls And Girls1703 Words   |  7 PagesThroughout the decades there have been noted differences in the educational realm pertaining to gender. Some debate over the differences in learning style with boys and girls. Others conclude that teachers teach and treat boys and girls differently. Society and other factors can influence and cause discrepancies in the overall educational attainment for boys and girls. Historically men have lead the race in educational achievement. However, since the eighties, women have started to be coequalsRead MoreCorrelation Between Males And Females On Average1152 Words   |  5 Pagesand females on average in reading. In one study females were considered more motivated and exhibited higher mastery in reading. There were several factors that contributed to this conclusion, some being biological and distinctly different from gender to gender. Boys were usually assessed as less developed mentally and developing in different sequences as their female counterparts. The corpus callosum was 20% bigger in females than males. These connect the two hemispheres of the brain. Couple this withRead MoreGender Bias On The Classroom1112 Words   |  5 PagesGender Bias In The Classroom Gender roles are widely accepted societal expectations about how males and females should behave (Rathus, 2010, pg. 447). Gender roles create a difference in the way that masculine and feminine behaviors are accepted among society. Gender roles are often depicted as just a part of who a person is and help better define the difference between male and female. When society begins to use these gender roles as norms we often see those who don’t fit into the correct roleRead MoreGender Sensitivity Is Not About Pitting Women Against Men Essay1222 Words   |  5 Pages Gender sensitivity is not about pitting women against men. On the contrary, education that is gender sensitive benefits members of both sexes. It helps them determine which assumptions in matters of gender are valid and which are stereotyped generalizations. Gender awareness requires not only intellectual understanding and effort but also sensitivity and open-mindedness to change one’s views and limited pers pectives and values. It opens up the widest possible range of life options for both womenRead MorePros and Cons to Single-Sex Schools1271 Words   |  6 PagesSingle-sex Schools In the 1990s, there were a mere 2 single-sex schools present in the United States due to legal restrictions placed on sex-segregation facilities; however, as laws — the No Child Left Behind Act, Breckenridge ruling, and the Wood County ruling — have allowed for single-gender educational facilities, this number has risen to approximately 500 schools (Lewin; NASSPE: Legal). Popularity of single-gender schools stems from the academic success of their students as show by their test

The Theme Of Death In Albert Camuss The Stranger

In his novel The Stranger, albert camus gives expression to his philosophy of the absurd. The novel may be a first-person account of the life of M. Meursault from the time of his mothers death up to a time plainly just before his execution for the murder of an Arab. The central theme is that the importance of human life is known solely in light of mortality, or the actual fact of death; and in showing Meursaults consciousness change through the course of events, Camus shows however facing the chance of death will have a control on ones perception of life. The novel begins with the death of Meursaults mother. though he attends the ceremony, he doesnt request to visualize the body, although he finds it fascinating to think about the†¦show more content†¦He has the fatalistic feeling that whats done is finished, and later explains that he has neer regretted something as a result of he has perpetually been to absorbed by the current moment or by the immediate future to hesitate the past (127). In a sense, Meursault is often tuned in to the meaninglessness of all endeavors within the face of death: he has no ambition to advance socio-economically; hes indifferent regarding being friends with Raymond and regarding marrying Marie; etc. however this awareness is somehow neer intense enough to involve awareness thats, he neer reflects on the that means of death for him till hes in jail awaiting execution. Of course, the meaning of anothers death is sort of distinction from the meaning of ones own death. With the previous, one not sees that person again; with the latter, ones terribly consciousness, as so much as we all know, simply ends blit! as a tv image ends once the set is changed. Death marks all things equal, and equally absurd. And death itself is absurd within the sense that reason or the rational mind cannot upset it: its a bygone conclusion, nevertheless it remains associate unsuccessful risk till some indeterminate future time. The meaning of death isnt rationa l however,Show MoreRelatedThe Stranger by Albert Camus1115 Words   |  4 PagesIn the novel, The Stranger, by Albert Camus, the pointlessness of life and existence is exposed through the illustration of Camus’s absurdist world view. The novel tells the story of an emotionally detached, amoral young man named Meursault. Meursault shows us how important it is to start thinking and analyzing the events that happen in our lives. He does this by developing the theme of conflicts within society. Albert Camus’s novel The Stranger portrays Meursault, the main character, as a staticRead MoreKubler-Ross on Gregor Samsa and Meursault1589 Words   |  7 Pagesthe novels The Metamorphosis and The Stranger by Franz Kafka and Albert Camus, Kubler-Ross’s five stages of death are incorporated to emphasize the themes of individualism and isolation. While denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance are common emotions when dealing with death, denial, anger, and accept ance are essential in connecting to Kafka and Camus’s ideas regarding individualism. Through their experiences relating to those three stages of death, the protagonists, Gregor Samsa andRead MoreAnalysis Of The Stranger By Albert Camus1526 Words   |  7 PagesArab, Meursault, would never have gone to prison, and never be tried for murder. Part C: Foil Character In literature, foil characters are used to bring out the distinctive qualities of another character by contrasting with them. In The Stranger, by Albert Camus, Marie Cardona plays the role of a foil character as she brings out Meursault s emotional characteristics. When she told him that she loved him and asked if he loved her, Meursault responded: I answered the same way I had the last timeRead MoreThe Topic of Defiance of Societal Rules in The Stranger Through Absurdism1018 Words   |  5 Pagesthe novel The Stranger by Albert Camus there is a prevalence of characters breaking societal rules, but as a result these characters face the consequences. Albert Camus connects these actions to the overarching themes of the books in order to convey his message more effectively. To what extent does the topic of defiance of societal rules in The Stranger convey the theme of Absurdism in the novel? The sub-themes of femininity, individuality, and isolation connect to the overarching theme of absurdismRead MoreEssay on The Hero in The Stranger by Albert Camus787 Words   |  4 Pages The Hero in Camus’s The Stranger (The Outsider)nbsp; Certain novels include a character who, based solely on his actions, would appear to be evil, but in an in-depth examination, can be seen in a different, more sympathetic light. The character Meursault, in Albert Camus’s The Stranger, is notable for this description. While his murderous crime and indifference to emotions make him seem to be cretinous, his dramatic transformation at the end of the story make us feel for him. When he finallyRead More Futility of Human Existence Exposed in The Guest by Albert Camus2321 Words   |  10 Pageswho despairs of the human condition is a coward, but he who has hope for it is a fool† (Wyatt). As this quote by Albert Camus suggests, he was not a very optimistic writer. His gloomy look on life itself can be seen all too clearly in â€Å"The Guest†. The story itself deals with Camus’s idea of the futility of human existence: the only rational thing anyone can expect is death. Camus’s underlying philosophy is revealed from the very beginning of the story. The French title, â€Å"L’hote†, translates toRead MoreParental Influence on Clashes with Society in Love in the Time of Cholera and The Stranger1620 Words   |  7 Pagessocialization. Latin author, Gabriel Garcà ­a Mà ¡rquez and Algerian writer Albert Camus, introduce how their characters conflict with socialization as a result of their cultivation in Love in the Time of Cholera and The Stranger respectively. In Mà ¡rquez’s novel, the key female role is assigned to Fermina Daza, a middle class Latina in the 1800s-1900s, expected to hold prestige and marry wealthy by her father and societal pressures. In The Stranger, Meursault, the protagonist, develops a niche for logic ratherRead MoreAnalysis Of Albert Camuss The Stranger1070 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"The Stranger† by Albert Camus is a thought provoking novel that questions morality, society, justice, religion, and individuality. Camus creates a man that goes against society’s idea of the â€Å"normal† moral standards, making Meursault a stranger in his world. Meursault’s lack of emotion and sympathy towards others is what makes this novel so intriguing. The morbidity expressed by his character makes the book hard to read but also difficult to put down. A majority of people today as well as in Meursault’sRead MoreThe Sun in The Stranger by Albert Camus Essay804 Words   |  4 Pagesto fifty-seven of Albert Camus’s The Stranger he uses the relentless Algerian sun as a motif for the awareness of reality that pursues the main character, Meursault, throughout the passage. When each motif appears in the novel such as this passage, Meursault’s actions change. This exemplifies that the light, heat, and sun trigger him to become debilitated or furious. Albert Camus sets up this motif in the passage to indicate to the reader that this motif shows the major themes of this novel. ThisRead MoreThe Stranger a Novel by Albert Camus Essay884 Words   |  4 PagesThe Stranger is a novel by Albert Camus. Albert Camus, a French, Noble prize winning author, journalist and philosopher, was born on the seventh of November 1913. He died on the fourth of January 1960. He was instrumental in bringing the philosophical views of abs urdism to public attention. The Stranger was published in 1942 and is an example of the outlook and themes of Camus’s philosophy of the absurd. Mersault, the narrator and protagonist, is The Stranger. He has cut himself off from the

What Is The Rooney Rule The Rooney Rule Was Established

What is the Rooney Rule? The Rooney Rule was established to encourage diversity in coaching or any top management position in the National Football League. It required teams to interview a minority candidate before making a head coach or head management hire. Do NFL officials still need the Rooney Rule? Yes, the Rooney Rule has helped force owners to cast a wide net, going from who you know system to who’s the best system. What should be done about the lack of minority coaches and general managers? The NFL officials should make it clear that hiring minorities is a priority in all positions. In the past, black coaches were moved slowly up the ranks than white counterparts, despite equal performance and skill sets. White head coaches†¦show more content†¦Of the eight teams in the last four Super Bowls, six of them had a black head coach or general manager. The Panthers, Jets, and Steelers are the only teams with coaching staffs composed of at least 50 percent minoritie s. Two- third of NFL team members are majority black, with only one- third minority coaches who can relate to these players. One prominent minority coach stated that he had been called every day to implement a better college program at another school because the head coach needed minority representation on staff to help with recruiting. The Rooney Rule is still evolving and growing to become better. NFL officials still are experiencing token interviews to full the mandate, when teams know all along they plan to hire someone else. The league can ensure that the teams follow the Rooney Rule by requiring teams to provide transcripts of interviews with minority candidates. That way, the NFL commissioner’s office could judge for themselves whether teams adhered to the rule. Among NFL decision-makers, should work on interview feedback, candidate feedback on what worked and what didn’t work, and what can even be better the next time, will help candidates as they continue thei r quests to become a head coach or manager. If the league does not follow the interview and candidate feedback method, there should be consequences, such as fines. There was once a hard time in the hiring cycle, but there have been a lot of changing hearts andShow MoreRelatedWaste Management Scandal ( 1998 )1173 Words   |  5 PagesWaste Management Scandal (1998) Waste Management Inc. was founded by Dean Buntrock and Wayne Huizenga in 1968. It generated $5.5 million in revenue just the first year and it reached $2 billion in 1985. By 1971, the company became more public after it acquired 133 acquisitions and it became the largest waste hauler in the nation. Waste Management Inc. manages and reduces waste, provides transfer, recycling and disposal services. 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Aristotle’s Definition of Rhetoric Free Essays

Aristotle defines the fine art of persuasion. A rhetorician pursues witnesses, contracts, and the like in his pursuit of presenting an argument. However, not all forms of persuasion are rhetoric in nature. We will write a custom essay sample on Aristotle’s Definition of Rhetoric or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is through persuasion that many arguments are won or lost. Aristotle talks in depth about what is right and what is wrong. He has meticulously defined terms like good, goodwill, judge, judgment, and litigation that form a crucial part of any judicial process. The reason is, according to Aristotle, laws are made after long consideration. On the other hand, decisions in the courts are given at a short notice. This makes it hard for those who try to present an argument and win the case based on the decision of the lawgiver. It is important that the lawgiver does not get influenced by matters of friendship or hatred, and lose vision of the truth. This paper will outline Aristotle’s definition of rhetoric and identify the role rhetoric plays in the judicial process. Aristotle’s Definition of Rhetoric Aristotle equivalents rhetoric to a formal system of reasoning that strives to arrive at the truth by the exchange of logical arguments. Argument is the key to the art of persuasion. A rhetorician will be able to convince a person by persuasion. People use rhetoric â€Å"either at random or through practice and from acquired habit. † That is, while some speakers succeed to persuade through practice, others achieve it spontaneously. Aristotle closely relates rhetoric to dialectic. Both rhetoric and dialectic deal with arguments from accepted hypotheses. A rhetoric person can use dialectic tools in defense of his arguments. While dialectic is useful for arguments relating to private or academic matters, rhetoric is for arguments relating to public matters. This is because rhetoric considers that the opponents are intellectuals or persons who are familiar with the subject being argued about. Dialectic is concerned with general questions that apply to â€Å"untrained thinkers† (Rhetoric I. 2). In rhetoric, three things comprise an argument—first is the speaker (ethos), second is the listener (pathos), and the third is the argument itself (logos). (Rhetoric I. 2). First, the audience will give importance to an argument if the speaker is a trustworthy person. The speaker must display practical wisdom and should be able to reason logically. He or she should have an upright character and goodness in its various forms, and should possess the good will to understand emotions. Second, the emotional state of the audience is important in the interpretation of the argument. If the listener is in a good or bad mood, then the argument takes the shade of his mood. The speaker should be persuasive enough to motivate and arouse the right mood in the listener. Third, the speaker persuades by the argument itself. There are two types of arguments: induction and deduction. An inductive argument in rhetoric argues with an example. It takes a statement and shows other statements that are similar to it. A deductive argument in rhetoric is the enthymeme, which is an argument achieved by proof or demonstration. Speeches that rely on examples are persuasive in nature; however, those that rely on enthymemes induce applause from the audience. Determined by the class of listeners, rhetoric falls into three divisions. It is the listener who determines the objects of the speaker and the speech. The listener may either be a judge, who takes a decision of things past or future, or a mere observer. A jury member decides on future events and the man who waits on the jury decides on past events. Observers are people who merely decide based upon the orator’s skill. From this idea branches the three divisions of oratory—political, forensic, and the ceremonial oratory of display. A good orator must have the appropriate prepositions at his commands. The prepositions of rhetoric are complete proofs, probabilities, and signs. According to Alain Lempereur, â€Å"today, it is necessary to circumscribe the respective fields of logic and rhetoric in the language of law, while showing how they are sometimes complementary in the resolution of legal problems. † The Role of Rhetoric in the Judicial Process Rhetoric is a faculty used for providing judgment. Every man should comply with the rules of the law, and the law varies with each form of government. Hence, one of the important qualifications for a good judge is that he or she should understand all forms of government, since the interest of men lies in the maintenance of the established order. According to Aristotle, the supreme right to judge always remains â€Å"with either a part or the whole of one or other of the(se) governing powers† (Rhetoric I. 8). So it is important that the judge should be a man of good intellect. The four forms of government are democracy, oligarchy, aristocracy, and tyranny. The ends of each of these governments vary. For example, â€Å"The end of democracy is freedom; of oligarchy, wealth; of aristocracy, the maintenance of education and national institutions; of tyranny, the protection of the tyrant† (Rhetoric 1. 8). Rhetorical persuasion is not only obtained by demonstrative but also by ethical argument. Hence it is important for a rhetorician to understand the moral qualities characteristic of each form of government. Since a legal verdict is a decision, it is particularly important for a political speaker to maintain integrity of his character in the interest of his audience. He should entertain the right feelings and he should, in turn, induce the right feelings in his audience. In delivering judgment, rhetoric seeks the use of ethos and pathos, in addition to logical proofs. John Rainold, in Oxford Lectures on Aristotle’s Rhetoric, states that as far as possible what is good or bad â€Å"must be settled by the ruling of the Lawgiver, since it is easier [to find] one man [of good sense capable of framing laws and pronouncing judgments] than many men. † Law is either special or general in nature. A special law is a written law, one that regulates the life of a particular community or the law of a state. A general law is an unwritten law, the principles that are supposed to be acknowledged everywhere or the universal law. Individuals or an entire community may affected by the law. A wrongdoer either understands and intends the action, or does it without an understanding. Aristotle defines that there are seven causes of human action that the law has to consider. They are involuntary actions like chance, nature, and compulsion, and voluntary actions like habit, reasoning, anger, and appetite. Aristotle describes accusation and defense in detail in Book I, Chapter 10 of Rhetoric. He describes that â€Å"wrong-doing† is an injury that one person voluntarily inflicts on another contrary to law. There are three things that a prosecutor should ascertain: â€Å"first, the nature and number of the incentives to wrong-doing; second, the state of mind of wrongdoers; third, the kind of persons who are wronged, and their condition† (Rhetoric I. 10). Judgment can happen in two senses—broad and narrow. In its broad sense, it involves decisions that one takes in everyday activities, wherever there is more than one possibility. In its narrow sense, it involves judgment taken in assemblies and law courts. Judging involves two people—the one who speaks and persuades, and the other who listens and judges. It also involves two mutually contradictory arguments that the judge has to listen and judge. A judge should be prudent in judging whether something is important or unimportant, or just or unjust. They should never take instructions from the petitioners and should decide for themselves. Aristotle emphasizes that â€Å"the whole business of rhetoric is with opinion† (Rhetoric, III. 1). Similarly, a litigant should show that the alleged fact is so or is not so and that it has happened or has not happened. The duty of argument is to challenge conclusive proofs. An argument in forensic oratory can be categorized as the fact, the amount of injury, the existence of injury, and the justification. An argument in ceremonial oratory is taken on the basis of trust and the speaker will maintain the nobility of the actions in question. An argument in political oratory presents if something is possible or impossible, just or unjust, good or bad as the orator thinks. The general lines of argument common to all oratory are: the possible and the impossible, past fact, future fact, and degree. The possible and impossible considers that any two contraries are equally possible. Aristotle says that â€Å"if a man can be cured, he can also fall ill; for any two contraries are equally possible, in so far as they are contraries† (Rhetoric, II. 19). Past fact argues that in two things, if one of the less likely things has happened, then there is a possibility that the more likely thing should also have happened. For example, if a man has forgotten a thing, then it is likely that he has once learnt it. Future fact considers that a thing will be done if there is the power and wish to do it. If the means to the end has happened, then the end will soon follow. For example, if there is a foundation, there will be a house. Degree considers the greatness and smallness of things. One has to apply prudence in judgment since there is also a flip side to rhetoric. People might use their persuasive skills in making the judge believe in what is wrong and they might use it for unjust reasons. Aristotle comforts by telling that it is easier to prove and believe in things that are true. And, every virtue has its negative side. It is left to the individual to either benefit by using them right or to inflict great injuries by using them wrong. References 1. Alain Lempereur, in his paper presented at the International Symposium â€Å"Argumentation, Logic and Cognition,† Ghent University, 6–8 December 1989. http://www.springerlink.com/content/qv8722r647546mv2/ 2. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, http://www.seop.leeds.ac.uk/entries/aristotle-rhetoric/ 3. John Rainold’s Oxford Lectures on Aristotle’s Rhetoric, by John Rainolds, Lawrence D. http://books.google.com/books?id=77RPL09TOTICpg=PA137lpg=PA137dq=aristotle’s+rhetoric+in+the+judicial+process;source=web;ots=vDL0uMCFaz;sig=e9RjGNwjy64EDGfMrfSSvt9P-RU;hl=en;sa=X;oi=book_result;resnum=2;ct=result#PPA129,M1 How to cite Aristotle’s Definition of Rhetoric, Papers

Aristotle’s Definition of Rhetoric Free Essays

Aristotle defines the fine art of persuasion. A rhetorician pursues witnesses, contracts, and the like in his pursuit of presenting an argument. However, not all forms of persuasion are rhetoric in nature. We will write a custom essay sample on Aristotle’s Definition of Rhetoric or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is through persuasion that many arguments are won or lost. Aristotle talks in depth about what is right and what is wrong. He has meticulously defined terms like good, goodwill, judge, judgment, and litigation that form a crucial part of any judicial process. The reason is, according to Aristotle, laws are made after long consideration. On the other hand, decisions in the courts are given at a short notice. This makes it hard for those who try to present an argument and win the case based on the decision of the lawgiver. It is important that the lawgiver does not get influenced by matters of friendship or hatred, and lose vision of the truth. This paper will outline Aristotle’s definition of rhetoric and identify the role rhetoric plays in the judicial process. Aristotle’s Definition of Rhetoric Aristotle equivalents rhetoric to a formal system of reasoning that strives to arrive at the truth by the exchange of logical arguments. Argument is the key to the art of persuasion. A rhetorician will be able to convince a person by persuasion. People use rhetoric â€Å"either at random or through practice and from acquired habit. † That is, while some speakers succeed to persuade through practice, others achieve it spontaneously. Aristotle closely relates rhetoric to dialectic. Both rhetoric and dialectic deal with arguments from accepted hypotheses. A rhetoric person can use dialectic tools in defense of his arguments. While dialectic is useful for arguments relating to private or academic matters, rhetoric is for arguments relating to public matters. This is because rhetoric considers that the opponents are intellectuals or persons who are familiar with the subject being argued about. Dialectic is concerned with general questions that apply to â€Å"untrained thinkers† (Rhetoric I. 2). In rhetoric, three things comprise an argument—first is the speaker (ethos), second is the listener (pathos), and the third is the argument itself (logos). (Rhetoric I. 2). First, the audience will give importance to an argument if the speaker is a trustworthy person. The speaker must display practical wisdom and should be able to reason logically. He or she should have an upright character and goodness in its various forms, and should possess the good will to understand emotions. Second, the emotional state of the audience is important in the interpretation of the argument. If the listener is in a good or bad mood, then the argument takes the shade of his mood. The speaker should be persuasive enough to motivate and arouse the right mood in the listener. Third, the speaker persuades by the argument itself. There are two types of arguments: induction and deduction. An inductive argument in rhetoric argues with an example. It takes a statement and shows other statements that are similar to it. A deductive argument in rhetoric is the enthymeme, which is an argument achieved by proof or demonstration. Speeches that rely on examples are persuasive in nature; however, those that rely on enthymemes induce applause from the audience. Determined by the class of listeners, rhetoric falls into three divisions. It is the listener who determines the objects of the speaker and the speech. The listener may either be a judge, who takes a decision of things past or future, or a mere observer. A jury member decides on future events and the man who waits on the jury decides on past events. Observers are people who merely decide based upon the orator’s skill. From this idea branches the three divisions of oratory—political, forensic, and the ceremonial oratory of display. A good orator must have the appropriate prepositions at his commands. The prepositions of rhetoric are complete proofs, probabilities, and signs. According to Alain Lempereur, â€Å"today, it is necessary to circumscribe the respective fields of logic and rhetoric in the language of law, while showing how they are sometimes complementary in the resolution of legal problems. † The Role of Rhetoric in the Judicial Process Rhetoric is a faculty used for providing judgment. Every man should comply with the rules of the law, and the law varies with each form of government. Hence, one of the important qualifications for a good judge is that he or she should understand all forms of government, since the interest of men lies in the maintenance of the established order. According to Aristotle, the supreme right to judge always remains â€Å"with either a part or the whole of one or other of the(se) governing powers† (Rhetoric I. 8). So it is important that the judge should be a man of good intellect. The four forms of government are democracy, oligarchy, aristocracy, and tyranny. The ends of each of these governments vary. For example, â€Å"The end of democracy is freedom; of oligarchy, wealth; of aristocracy, the maintenance of education and national institutions; of tyranny, the protection of the tyrant† (Rhetoric 1. 8). Rhetorical persuasion is not only obtained by demonstrative but also by ethical argument. Hence it is important for a rhetorician to understand the moral qualities characteristic of each form of government. Since a legal verdict is a decision, it is particularly important for a political speaker to maintain integrity of his character in the interest of his audience. He should entertain the right feelings and he should, in turn, induce the right feelings in his audience. In delivering judgment, rhetoric seeks the use of ethos and pathos, in addition to logical proofs. John Rainold, in Oxford Lectures on Aristotle’s Rhetoric, states that as far as possible what is good or bad â€Å"must be settled by the ruling of the Lawgiver, since it is easier [to find] one man [of good sense capable of framing laws and pronouncing judgments] than many men. † Law is either special or general in nature. A special law is a written law, one that regulates the life of a particular community or the law of a state. A general law is an unwritten law, the principles that are supposed to be acknowledged everywhere or the universal law. Individuals or an entire community may affected by the law. A wrongdoer either understands and intends the action, or does it without an understanding. Aristotle defines that there are seven causes of human action that the law has to consider. They are involuntary actions like chance, nature, and compulsion, and voluntary actions like habit, reasoning, anger, and appetite. Aristotle describes accusation and defense in detail in Book I, Chapter 10 of Rhetoric. He describes that â€Å"wrong-doing† is an injury that one person voluntarily inflicts on another contrary to law. There are three things that a prosecutor should ascertain: â€Å"first, the nature and number of the incentives to wrong-doing; second, the state of mind of wrongdoers; third, the kind of persons who are wronged, and their condition† (Rhetoric I. 10). Judgment can happen in two senses—broad and narrow. In its broad sense, it involves decisions that one takes in everyday activities, wherever there is more than one possibility. In its narrow sense, it involves judgment taken in assemblies and law courts. Judging involves two people—the one who speaks and persuades, and the other who listens and judges. It also involves two mutually contradictory arguments that the judge has to listen and judge. A judge should be prudent in judging whether something is important or unimportant, or just or unjust. They should never take instructions from the petitioners and should decide for themselves. Aristotle emphasizes that â€Å"the whole business of rhetoric is with opinion† (Rhetoric, III. 1). Similarly, a litigant should show that the alleged fact is so or is not so and that it has happened or has not happened. The duty of argument is to challenge conclusive proofs. An argument in forensic oratory can be categorized as the fact, the amount of injury, the existence of injury, and the justification. An argument in ceremonial oratory is taken on the basis of trust and the speaker will maintain the nobility of the actions in question. An argument in political oratory presents if something is possible or impossible, just or unjust, good or bad as the orator thinks. The general lines of argument common to all oratory are: the possible and the impossible, past fact, future fact, and degree. The possible and impossible considers that any two contraries are equally possible. Aristotle says that â€Å"if a man can be cured, he can also fall ill; for any two contraries are equally possible, in so far as they are contraries† (Rhetoric, II. 19). Past fact argues that in two things, if one of the less likely things has happened, then there is a possibility that the more likely thing should also have happened. For example, if a man has forgotten a thing, then it is likely that he has once learnt it. Future fact considers that a thing will be done if there is the power and wish to do it. If the means to the end has happened, then the end will soon follow. For example, if there is a foundation, there will be a house. Degree considers the greatness and smallness of things. One has to apply prudence in judgment since there is also a flip side to rhetoric. People might use their persuasive skills in making the judge believe in what is wrong and they might use it for unjust reasons. Aristotle comforts by telling that it is easier to prove and believe in things that are true. And, every virtue has its negative side. It is left to the individual to either benefit by using them right or to inflict great injuries by using them wrong. References 1. Alain Lempereur, in his paper presented at the International Symposium â€Å"Argumentation, Logic and Cognition,† Ghent University, 6–8 December 1989. http://www.springerlink.com/content/qv8722r647546mv2/ 2. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, http://www.seop.leeds.ac.uk/entries/aristotle-rhetoric/ 3. John Rainold’s Oxford Lectures on Aristotle’s Rhetoric, by John Rainolds, Lawrence D. http://books.google.com/books?id=77RPL09TOTICpg=PA137lpg=PA137dq=aristotle’s+rhetoric+in+the+judicial+process;source=web;ots=vDL0uMCFaz;sig=e9RjGNwjy64EDGfMrfSSvt9P-RU;hl=en;sa=X;oi=book_result;resnum=2;ct=result#PPA129,M1 How to cite Aristotle’s Definition of Rhetoric, Papers