The Origin and Development of Basketball Essay - 524 Words

The Origin and Development of Basketball The game of basketball was created by a gentlemen name of Dr. James Naimsmith on 1861. He was born on Ontario, Canada. He brings the game up when he was working as a teacher on the Young Men Christian Association Training School. Naimsmith created the game to keep the kids in good condition, and wanted to find an activity that could be played indoors on the winter months. Basketball is a popular sport, between two teams. Each of them has 5 players and competes against each other for the highest scores. The game involved elements of football, soccer, and hockey the first game was actually played with a soccer ball. The goals were made of wooden peach baskets placed on the wall. Teams consisted of†¦show more content†¦In 1939 this gap was increased from 2 feet to the present 4 feet to allow for more movement underneath the basket. The first game of basketball were played with soccer balls. However, they proved to be unsuitable for dribbling and ball handling. The first manufac tured basketballs were produced in 1894 by a bicycle manufacturing company. In the late 1890s Spalding took over as the official ball maker. In 1905 the choice of basketballs was left up to the teams. Because of their inability to maintain their shape and their laces, these early brown leather basketballs were hard to dribble. In 1929 basketballs were re-designed for more bounce and with concealed laces which eliminated erratic bounces. The balls were bigger, lighter and easier to handle. In 1942 molded basketballs that maintained a constant shape and size replaced the stitched balls. In 1967 the American Basketball Association (ABA) played with a red, white and blue basketball. Today, the WNBA and FIBA use contrasting panels. The mens ball is 30 in circumference and the smaller womens ball is 29 in circumference. As you can see the game of Basketball has changed a lot. Now you can see all those changes on the different teams in all leagues around the world. I considered it that Ba sketball has evolved compare with the past. You can see the different on uniforms, courts, balls, shoes, etc†¦ During the last years the game of Basketball has became very popular, has been used on schoolShow MoreRelatedEssay about The Origin of the Game of Basketball1391 Words   |  6 Pagesor professional basketball game, although, few actually know where or how this widely popular sport was created. From this paper, one will acquire information about the origin of the game of basketball, how the game has evolved over time, and basketball as a business. â€Å"The two questions that I am most commonly asked when I am discussing basketball with persons whom I have just met are, How did you come to think of it? and What changes have taken place in the game since its origin?†Ã¢â‚¬  (Naismith 61)Read MoreHistory of Basketball848 Words   |  4 PagesHistory of Basketball Basketball has been around for over 100 years, and from the very beginning to now, the sport has come a long way. Basketball is extremely popular around the world, it is a court game played by two teams of five players each. The object is to put a ball through a hoop, or basket, and thus score more points than the opposing team (Naismith). Today there is the NBA as the professional league and colleges all across America has picked up the game of basketball also. TodayRead MoreCurrent Issue Of Sport : Globalization1307 Words   |  6 Pagessuccess or not. For instance, by the effect of the saturated North American market, National Basketball Association (NBA) begun to expand its new market to Asia. This broad strategy assisted NBA making a brilliant achievement in popularizing its product in China: â€Å"For China, the NBA spent two decades building courts, teaching youth the game, and hosting promotions. Now over 300 million people in China play basketball. The league notes that 89% of Chinese aged 15 to 54 are aware of the NBA brand and NBARead MoreEssay about The Origin Of Basketball And I1572 Words   |  7 Pages Over the years since basketball was invented, its popularity has gotten very big. The game is played all over the world and has made a lot of people rich through its many professional leagues. The National Basketball Association is, by far, the most popular league in the world, but a lot of people like to watch college, high school, and recreational basketball as much. The game of basketball is one of the most popular and exciting games to watch or play on any skill level. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;InRead MoreImportant Sports in the Society of The United States Essay1142 Words   |  5 Pages Sports are important in the society of the United States. Sports promote and motivate the development of physical fitness and sports participation for all Americans of all ages. The four major sports are most popular in the United States ; American football, Basketball, Baseball, and Ice Hockey. They are all enjoyed by not only americans, but also people in all around the world. Especially sports are associated with education in the United States. Most high schools and universities organizedRead MoreHiv And Aids : Aids1606 Words   |  7 Pagesprimates. These will be discussed on the next slide. Since HIV is a lentivirus and symptoms do not appear right away a person will look fine on the outside with possible â€Å"flu-like† symptoms, but what is really happening is in one’s immune system (Origin of HIV AIDS, 2014). FIRST OUTBREAK As I mentioned on the previous slide, HIV has two strands HIV 1 and HIV 2. These strands differentiate between two different types of primates who are thought to have caused the initial spread of this diseaseRead MoreBritish American Influence on Australia1015 Words   |  5 Pagesand Family Ties rated highly, along with crime dramas like Magnum P.I. and Miami Vice. Entertainment plays a significant role in forming the culture, beliefs and values of a nation. A strong entertainment industry, therefore, is important to the development of a strong national identity. American words heard on movies, TV etc have buried themselves deep within the Australian language e.g. bro, dude chill out, cool By 1980, there were 105 McDonalds stores throughout the Australia. These outletsRead MoreMental Illness And Its Effects On Your Mood, Thinking, And Behavior1432 Words   |  6 Pagesstarted shooing him away as if he was some sort of pest. I felt horrible for him and the way he was treated but I couldn’t do anything about it also being a young boy watching from the window.  Sociology the science or study of the origin, development, organization, and functioning of human society; the science of the fundamental laws of social relations, institutions, etc.  Discrimination Discrimination is defined as the unfair treatment of different categories of people, especially onRead MoreMarketing Mix of Ea Sports990 Words   |  4 Pagesor basketball games based on both NBA Live and Madden NFL. The earlier titles released until 1996 are referred by fans as the classic series. There are several other series, including F1 Championship (discontinued after Sony acquired the exclusive license for the Formula 1 championship), Super bike and others with a limited distribution such as AFL PRODUCT LINE amp; PRODUCT MIX IS DETAILED BELOW:- Place : – Original HQ in San Mateo, California moved to Redwood City in 1998 Origin SystemsRead MoreGender Differences Between Women And Men Speak981 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Sex Differences† is an essay written by a professor of linguistics named Ronald Macaulay. In the essay, he pointed out that there were no gender differences regarding to language development. He talked about various stereotypes about how men and women speak. He also explains in depth about how social environment made an impact on the talking between men and women. He also concluded that those linguists who still believe in that theory only continue to do so even if what they found in their research

Online Dating Advantages Free Essays

Some advantages and disavantages in online dating. Now days online dating hvae become so commun that everyone know a site or two where can meet or interact with other people becoming making it easy to become part of the online dating trend. But veryb seldon anyone couciously stop to think and anlyze the advantages or disavantages in online dating. We will write a custom essay sample on Online Dating Advantages or any similar topic only for you Order Now In today’s world everything goes so fast that it seem’s 24 hour days are over for ever, every one is short of time. People running to school, work, appointments, that realistically there is no time to just go out to socialized and interact with friends or just go out. Online Dating, have filled this human need to be loved or wanted by some one else by just flipping tha computer switch or pushing a button. Instantly you have complete access to online world that where you can shoose to be part of to share your momories, fotos,tastes, likes and dislikes to the world. There are two words that plays a key role to the online dating phenomenun; free and instantly. You can freely bacome part of a online community and instatly intereract with those that accept you all for free, bringing this interaction up to your creativity and inmagination to meet as many and different people you would like. Even though, it can be very advantegeous to meet new people online and date,there are deffenetelly some important disavantages to consider. Online dating make it for the most part very easy to interact with so many people at differente place at different time , that you are constantly bonbard with a lot of possibilities. You can date someone today and tomrrow you could date someone else. According to a survey done by fox news, 60 % of online dating participants are actually dating two or more person at the same time. According to the report most people that are engage in online dating, feel that online is just another world , another set of values, nothing like could be judge as real. Moral and values that tend to be pracitce when meeting someone on a local school or live occassion wouldn’t apply to those people met online. For one reason or another, online Dating keep beeing a growing trend, more youngster then ever have access to the internet and actually interacting with others on social sites and dating sites. With advantages and Disavantages today many online users are just so accostome to the online world that they have not even consider any dissavantages since its have just become a way of life. Online dating will continue benefiting those users that engage in an intelligente mature way or disgracing those that have poor judgment. How to cite Online Dating Advantages, Papers

Mac Beth Essay Example For Students

Mac Beth Essay In Shakespeares Macbeth, the lead character, Macbeth, is presented with a choice of right or wrong.The wrong choice was made, and the outcome ended in tragedy. The murders Macbeth commits lead to his loss of morals and his soul. The first murder was thought out, yet as the play developed Macbeth began to kill on impulse. This lack of judgment is what led Macbeth to his inevitable downfall. Before Macbeth killed Duncan, his beliefs and morals were very strong. He was known as heroic and patriotic towards his country. His feelings toward the king were as strong as his feelings for his country. He respected king Duncan and king Duncan felt the same towards Macbeth. Throughout the first act, it is clearly shown that Macbeth is an honest, noble, valiant, and dependable warrior, these are descriptions of Macbeth made by the soldier, Duncan and Lady Macbeth. Doubtful it stood upon our battlements(Act 1, Scene 2 L9-25)O valiant cousin! Worthy gentleman(Act 1, Scene 2 L26)Yet do I fear thy nature; It is too full o milk of human kindness (Act 1 Scene 5 L15) Macbeth wrote to Lady Macbeth to tell of the witchs prophecies that, if true, may change her title queen of Scotland. Lady Macbeth then started to plan to kill Duncan to make her title true. Macbeth had a lot of trouble with the idea of killing the king. Macbeth really wanted to be king, but did not want to have to kill for the title. Macbeth went through all the consequences that killing Duncan would result in and came to the conclusion not to do it at first. His thoughts changed after Lady Macbeth gave him answers to all his questions of judgment after death, or during life, his duties as a subject to the king, Duncans virtues and how the people of Scotland would react. This made him confident in the choice to kill Duncan and take his title of king and make it his own. After Macbeth kills king Duncan, he lost all morals he had and therefore he loses his soul. After the murder, Macbeth changes dramatically. Immediately after, Macbeth and Lady Macbeth discuss the apparitions, hallucination and nightmares they both have had. Methought, I heard a voice cry, Sleep no more! in lifes feast(Act 2 Scene 2 L47-52)Did you not speak?(Act 2 Scene 2 L21) In the days that follow, which consist of no food or sleep, for Macbeth has lost his appetite, he becomes consumed with the witchs prophecies. Macbeth decides that he must kill Banquo and his son, Fleance, because the witches had said that Banquo would be father to a king. This would put a major flaw in Macbeths kingships. Without thought or hesitation he acts on his impulse and kills Banquo. That act alone shows Macbeth has lost his soul. He had so many worries about killing Duncan. It took so much persuading to kill him, yet, he kills Banquo without any remorse. To be thus is nothing;And champion me to the utterance!Whos there?(Act 3 Scene 1 L52-76) Macbeth begins to see the ghost of Banquo and through that it is clear he is losing his sanity. Macbeth trust no one and all the praise he had been receiving before the death of Duncan stopped. People began to lose respect for him. When Macduff does not show up at Macbeths banquet and learned that he fled to England, Macbeth was offended and decides he must kill Macduffs family for revenge. This incident shows his loss of morals and lack of judgment in making important decisions. .ue9a933145bd0eca78d1cc56d6566a72c , .ue9a933145bd0eca78d1cc56d6566a72c .postImageUrl , .ue9a933145bd0eca78d1cc56d6566a72c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue9a933145bd0eca78d1cc56d6566a72c , .ue9a933145bd0eca78d1cc56d6566a72c:hover , .ue9a933145bd0eca78d1cc56d6566a72c:visited , .ue9a933145bd0eca78d1cc56d6566a72c:active { border:0!important; } .ue9a933145bd0eca78d1cc56d6566a72c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue9a933145bd0eca78d1cc56d6566a72c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue9a933145bd0eca78d1cc56d6566a72c:active , .ue9a933145bd0eca78d1cc56d6566a72c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue9a933145bd0eca78d1cc56d6566a72c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue9a933145bd0eca78d1cc56d6566a72c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue9a933145bd0eca78d1cc56d6566a72c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue9a933145bd0eca78d1cc56d6566a72c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue9a933145bd0eca78d1cc56d6566a72c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue9a933145bd0eca78d1cc56d6566a72c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue9a933145bd0eca78d1cc56d6566a72c .ue9a933145bd0eca78d1cc56d6566a72c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue9a933145bd0eca78d1cc56d6566a72c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Mirror Dance EssayThe flightly purpose never is oertook Unless with deed go with it (Act 4 Scene 1 159-160) The witchs prophecies are a major element in Macbeths downfall. It was the witches who planed to make Macbeth feel over confidant in his choices. When Macbeth came to them the second time the witches lead him to believe that he would not be killed by any man born of a woman. Macbeth would only be defeated when the trees of Birnam Woods move towards his castle and lastly warned him to beware of Macduff. These prophecies made Macbeth very confidant in himself, for he knew these would be true because all the prophecies given to him by the witches have come true. This st rong belief in himself eventually killed him. That will never be: to time, and mortal custom(Act 4 Scene 1 L103-109)The second element in his downfall was Lady Macbeth. She convinced Macbeth that he wanted the crown enough to kill for it. She called him a coward and undependable. Lady Macbeth used tactics such as these to anger Macbeth into killing Duncan with her. If Macbeth would not have believed so strongly in what the witches had told him, he would not have done the things he did, which resulted in the loss of his soul. Again being influenced, this time by Lady Macbeth, into killing Duncan rather than waiting until Duncan died naturally. These incidents show, Macbeths inability to make decisions on his own. Which thou esteemst the ornament of life,And live a coward in thine own esteem,Letting I dare not wait upon I would,Like the poor cat I the adage?(Act 1 Scene 7 L45-48)Macbeths choices throughout the play led to his downfall. The murders Macbeth committed resulted in the loss of his morals, sanity and soul. Macbeths lac k of judgment and his impulsive actions is clearly shown throughout the essay. His overconfidence in himself inevitably led to his death.

International Marketing Essays - Economy, Marketing, Business

International Marketing International Marketing A firm's international marketing program must generally be modified and adapted to foreign markets. This international marketing program uses strategies to accomplish its marketing goals. Within each foreign nation, the firm is likely to find a combination of marketing environment and target markets that are different from those of its own home country and other foreign countries. It is important that in international marketing, product, pricing, distribution and promotional strategies be adapted accordingly. In order for an international firm to function properly, cultural, social, economic, and legal forces within the country must be clearly understood. The task of International marketing is more difficult and risky than expected by many firms. One of the most controlling factors of international marketing is management. It is very important for managers to recognize the differences as well as similarities in buyer behavior. Many mistakes can occur if managers fail to realize that buyers differ from country to country. It is the international differences in buyer behavior, rather than similarities, which cause problems in successful international marketing. An international marketing manager is a manager responsible for facilitating the exchange of products between the organization and its customers or clients. Sometimes an international marketing manager will find difficulties in completing the exchange of products. Many surprises in international business are undesirable human mistakes. An international corporation must fully understand the foreign environment before pursuing business matters. Problems constantly crop up and many times have unexpected results. Sometimes these unexpected results are unavoidable. Other times they are avoidable. To be sure those avoidable situations do not occur, international marketing managers must be aware of cultural differences. Cultural differences take place among most nations of the world. Differences in culture are one of the most significant factors in an international company. All nationalities posses unique characteristics, which are unknown to many foreigners. Many of the top international businesses are unaware of these cultural differences. It is very important to understand these cultures in order to market a product successfully. As an example, different nationalities have different beliefs on how business matters should take place. Where some countries prefer to work with a deadline other countries can take this as being offensive. Many countries feel it is an insult to be asked to work under a set time period. A country may feel that a deadline is threatening and may feel backed into a corner. On the other hand, other countries try to expedite matters by setting deadlines. To be effective in a foreign market it is necessary to understand the local customs. Knowing what to do in a foreign country is as important as knowing what not to do. Failure to understand local customs can lead to serious misunderstandings between business people. The simple rejection of a cup of coffee can lead to total confusion. The decline of an invite is sometimes considered an affront. To avoid making blunders, a person must be able to discern the difference between what is acceptable behavior and what is not acceptable behavior. Violations of a local custom can be insulting, and can cause uncomfortable situations. To be a successful manager of international marketing, one must be able to discern the differences as to what must and must not be done. It is almost impossible to attain complete knowledge and understanding of a foreign culture. As established, culture plays an important role in the drama of international marketing. Of all the cultural aspects, communication may be the most critical. It is certain that communication has been involved in a number of cultural confusion. Good communication linkages must be set between a company and its customers, suppliers, its employees, and the governments of the countries where it performs business activities. Poor communication can obviously cause various difficulties. One source of difficulty among starting companies is that of effective communication with potential buyers. The problem is that there are many possible communication barriers. Sometimes messages can be translated incorrectly, regulations overlooked, and economic differences can be ignored. Other times when the message does arrive, its ineffectiveness can cause it to be of no value. Every now and then a buyer will receive the message, but to the companies disappointment, the message was sent incorrect. It is normal in multinational businesses to send and receive messages on a regular basis. Many well-known people have incapacitated public speech introductions by using inaccurate titles and names. Not all communication problems are verbal. Some serious problems have occurred as a result of non-verbal communication. Non-verbal communication exist in numerous forms. Sometimes a person's appearance can convey a stronger message than intended. Untidy attire, for example, can be more offensive in some nations

Howard Aiken, Grace Hopper and the Mark I Computer

Howard Aiken, Grace Hopper and the Mark I Computer Howard Aiken and Grace Hopper designed the MARK series of computers at Harvard University beginning in 1944.   The Mark I   The MARK computers began with the Mark I. Imagine a giant room full of noisy, clicking metal parts, 55 feet long and eight feet high. The five-ton device contained almost 760,000 separate pieces. Used by the U.S. Navy for gunnery and ballistic calculations, the Mark I was in operation until 1959. The computer was controlled by pre-punched paper tape, and it could carry out addition, subtraction, multiplication and division functions. It could refer to previous results and had special subroutines for logarithms and trigonometric functions. It used 23 decimal place numbers. Data was stored and counted mechanically using 3,000 decimal storage wheels, 1,400 rotary dial switches and 500 miles of wire. Its electromagnetic relays classified the machine as a relay computer. All output was displayed on an electric typewriter. By todays standards, the Mark I was slow, requiring three to five seconds to accomplish a multiplication operation. Howard Aiken   Howard Aiken was born in Hoboken, New Jersey in March 1900. He was an electrical engineer and physicist who first conceived of an electro-mechanical device like the Mark I in 1937. After completing his doctorate at Harvard in 1939, Aiken stayed on to continue the computers development. IBM funded his research. Aiken headed a team of three engineers, including Grace Hopper. The Mark I was completed in 1944. Aiken completed the Mark II, an electronic computer, in 1947. He founded the Harvard Computation Laboratory that same year. He published numerous articles on electronics and switching theories and ultimately launched Aiken Industries.   Aiken loved computers, but even he had no idea of their eventual widespread appeal. Only six electronic digital computers would be required to satisfy the computing needs of the entire United States, he said in 1947. Aiken died in 1973 in St, Louis, Missouri.   Grace Hopper   Born in December 1906 in New York, Grace Hopper studied at Vassar College and Yale before she joined the Naval Reserve in 1943. In 1944, she started working with Aiken on the Harvard Mark I computer. One of Hoppers lesser-known claims to fame is that she was responsible for coining the term bug  to describe a computer fault. The original bug was a moth that caused a hardware fault in the Mark I. Hopper got rid of it and fixed the problem and was the first person to debug a computer.   She began research for the Eckert-Mauchly Computer Corporation in 1949  where she designed an improved compiler and was part of the team which developed Flow-Matic, the first English-language data processing compiler. She invented the language APT and verified the language COBOL.   Hopper was the first computer science Man of the Year in 1969, and she received the National Medal of Technology in 1991. She died a year later, in 1992, in Arlington, Virginia.

Southern California Institute of Architecture Admission

Southern California Institute of Architecture Admission Southern California Institute of Architecture Admissions Overview: In general, students with good grades and test scores are more likely to be accepted at SCI-Arc. Since the school is focused on architecture, students will need to submit a portfolio of work as part of the application. Additional required materials include a resume, personal statement, high school transcripts, letters of recommendation, and SAT or ACT scores. For more information, or if you have any questions about the admissions process, be sure to visit SCI-Arcs website, or get in touch with the schools admissions office. Admissions Data (2016): SCI-Arc Acceptance Rate: - %SCI-Arc has open admissionsTest Scores 25th / 75th PercentileSAT Critical Reading: - / -SAT Math: - / -SAT Writing: - / -What these SAT numbers meanACT Composite: - / -ACT English: - / -ACT Math: - / -ACT Writing: - / -What these ACT numbers mean Southern California Institute of Architecture Description: The Southern California Institute of Architecture is an independent school of architecture in Los Angeles, California. The campus is located in the rehabilitated historic site of the Santa Fe Freight Depot, at the heart of the urban art district in downtown Los Angeles. The college takes an experimental approach to architecture education, emphasizing practical experience and encouraging undergraduate and graduate students to work together in a non-hierarchical environment. SCI-Arc offers one undergraduate program, a bachelor’s degree in architecture, as well as two- and three-year master of architecture programs and two postgraduate master of design research programs in emerging systems and technologies and city design, planning and policy. Students benefit from the flexible, nontraditional program both inside and outside of class, with 24/7 access to architecture studio spaces, a unique cultural environment and various student-led clubs, activities and social events. Enrollment (2016): Total Enrollment: 519Â  (262 undergraduates)Gender Breakdown: 62% Male / 38% Female95% Full-time Costs (2016Â  - 17): Tuition and Fees: $42,900Books: $6,848Â  (why so much?)Room and Board: $7,260Other Expenses: $9,889Total Cost: $66,897 SCI-Arc Financial Aid (2015Â  - 16): Percentage of New Students Receiving Aid: 28%Percentage of New Students Receiving Types of AidGrants: 28%Loans: 13%Average Amount of AidGrants: $18,668Loans: $5,500 Academic Programs: Most Popular Majors:Â  Architecture. Graduation and Retention Rates: First Year Student Retention (full-time students): 81%4-Year Graduation Rate: 67%6-Year Graduation Rate: 83% Data Source: National Center for Educational Statistics If You Like SCI-Arc, You May Also Like These Schools: Pratt Institute: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphCarnegie Mellon University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphRhode Island School of Design: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphCalifornia Institute of Technology: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphHarvard University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphRice University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphNew York University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphArizona State University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphUniversity of Oregon: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphCornell University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphUC - Berkeley: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphSyracuse University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT Graph

Leadership and Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Leadership and Change - Essay Example This study discusses that while leadership and change have been analysed and discussed exhaustively using myriad theories and models, it has been widely accepted that no one theory or model is the unique solution. Leadership traits and change management are situation and individual based and being flexible to adapt and execute is the sure-fire way to success. Recognising the power of the mind to dictate the actions and behaviour of the individual, NLP or Neurolinguistic Programming (NLP) is emerging as a method with a lot of promise. This is touted as a method of programming the mind, emphasizing the mind-body-spirit connection. As the essay stresses behavioural flexibility is important because with dynamic situations, the ability to absorb, adapt and absorb are essential to arrive at the goal. Never being afraid to keep changing allows the solution to evolve naturally. The awareness of the fact that people or events cannot be controlled by us but by a self-management, our responses to them can be managed. To achieve this our skill and our ability to manage ourselves directly affect the extent to which we achieve your goals. That is what NLP aims for. Myers-Briggs is popular model used to determine personality types that in turn determine how they react to people and changing circumstances. Bass’s theory of leadership is based on the assumptions that awareness of task importance motivates people and a focus on the team or organization produces better work.

Unionizing Chinese Walmart Store Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Unionizing Chinese Walmart Store - Dissertation Example Wal-Mart has had a resistance of unions in most of the countries but has allowed the formation of unions in China. The largest retailer in the world, which employs close to 23,000 people in China, will allow the federation to form branches in all the outlets in China. The world retailer was under pressure from the other unions that claimed that the company contributed much to a violation of human rights job losses when it carries its operations in China. This was because the United States employees are not under unions. The unions also were formed to meet the demands of the Chinese government that allows unions to have a formal establishment. The formation, however, has not translated to any effective bargaining power of the employees, which was the main aim of forming the unions. The retailer claimed that instead of forming unions, it encouraged the employees to have a direct communication with the company in the issues of concern (Star, 2015). This would make the issues to be taken seriously and follow up with the right actions. Due to the global recession, the retailer agreed to form unions for workers in China so that they would be allowed to carry out their operation in the country where they have ambitious expansion plans. China is the country where the operations of the company lag behind in the global rivalry. In one of the claims that were presented in the courts, the retailer has been considered to engage in unfair labor practices under a different section of the labor code.

Related Local Literature Essay Example for Free

Related Local Literature Essay This study deals with the review and analysis of the literature and studies relevant to inventory management techniques that the researchers will be using in the optimization. It consists of information culled from studies and literature, both local and foreign, from which this study is subject to. This chapter will certainly help in giving the reader a better understanding of what is Economic Order Quantity model and Dynamic Programming to optimization of the inventory system. Definition: Inventory Inventory refers to any kind of resources having economic value and is maintained to fulfil the present and future needs of theconsumers. It is a physical stock of items that business or production enterprise keeps in hand for efficient running of affairs or its production. Inventory is the quantity of goods, raw materials or other resources that are idle at any given point of time. Inventory control is the means by which materials of the correct quantity and quality is made available as a when required with due regard to economy in storage and ordering costs and working capital. It is also defined as the systematic location, storage and recording of goods in such a way that desired degree of service can be made to the operating shops at a minimum ultimate cost† (S.C sharma (1999). P. 509, 512). Inventory model: Economic Order Quantityand Dynamic Programming For over a century, the literature encompassing hundreds of books and journals has included frequent writings of management scientists applying quantitative methods to help inventory managers make two critical decisions: how much inventory to order, and when to order it. Inventory management started as early as the beginning of the 20th century when F. W. Harris originally developed the lot size formula or the EOQ model in 1915. R. H. Wilson independently developed the same formula in 1918. Apparently, Wilson popularized the model so the EOQ model is also referred to as the Wilson EOQ model. The EOQ formula has been independently discovered many times in the last eighty years. It is simplistic and uses several unrealistic assumptions. In Cargal discussed the basic EOQ model; he said that they cannot determine what quantity of an item to order when ordering supplies. Despite the many more sophisticated formulas and algorithm available, some large corporations still use the EOQ formula. In general, large corporations that use the EOQ formula do not want the public or competitors to know they use something so unsophisticated. The variables, graph, and the formula was also discussed in this paper. The classic EOQ model has been directly used in practice but which, more importantly, represents the key foundation of decision rules dealing with more complicated circumstances.Different variations and applications of the EOQ model in production and inventory operations were expanded over the years such as dealing with the quantity discounts, shelf-life considerations, replenishment lead time and constraints on the replenishment. Further advancements in inventory management took place when dynamic programming was used, with R. Bellman as its founding father. However, earlier works in DP were produced by Arrow, Karlin and Scarf. Bellman, who popularized DP, used the stochastic models for the inventory management problems. But in 1958, Wagner and Within started with a deterministic model, referred to as the Wagner-Within method, with known demands in each period, and fluctuating costs from one period to the next. A few years later, results for the stochastic model were established by Iglehart and Wagner with Veinott, which involves a demand with a continuous distribution. Inventory models have been applied and adapted by organizations. Silver enumerated the extensive research and application done over the years. In retail inventory management, retail outlets are increasingly adopting equipment that permits capture of demand data and updating of inventory records at the point of sale. In integrated logistics, a very complex system, it utilizes operations inventory management where maintenance, transportation and/or production are involved. In interactions with marketing, inventory management is applied on how to routinely take account of the effects of promotional activities on the control of inventories, how to predict and account for the effects of the system on the demand pattern, and the allocation of the shelf space in outlets such as supermarkets. Stock on Inventory The American Institute of Accountants defined the term inventory as â€Å"the aggregate of those items of tangible property which (1) are held for sale in the ordinary course of business, (2) are in process of production for such sale or (3) are to be available for ‘sale’. In Nigeria, inventory is usually referred to as stock-in-trade or work-in-progress. Stock may consist of (i) Raw materials and supplies to be consumed in production (ii) work-in-progress, or partly manufactured goods, (ii) Finished stock or goods ready for sale. Stocks are valued in a fundamentally different way from fixed assets; the latter are usually valued at cost less accumulated depreciation. No method of stock valuation is suitable for all types of business in all circumstances. Stock is valued at cost less any part of cost, which needs to be written off when net realizable value or the replacement price is lower than cost. The Functions of Inventory Inventories perform a number of vital functions in the operations of a system, which in turn makes them critical to the production sector as well. Without inventories, organizations could not hope to achieve smooth production flow, obtain reasonable utilization of machines and reasonable handling cost or expects to give reasonable service to customers. The basic function of inventories whether they are raw materials, work-in-progress or finished goods are that of decoupling the operations involved in converting inputs into outputs. This allows the successive stages in the purchasing, manufacturing and distribution process to operate reliance on the schedule of output, of prior activities in the production process. Furthermore, the decoupling function allows both time and spatial separation between production and consumption of products in the operating system. Lastly, inventories can also be used for other purposes apart from the decoupling functions. For example, when inventories are displayed, they serve as promotional investment. Raw materials and finished inventories are frequently accumulated to wedge against price rises, inflation and strikes. Inventories also serve to smooth out irregularities in supply. In essence, inventories act to decouple organizational activities, thereby achieving lower costs of operations. Inventories act to reduce procurement costs, and inventories act to provide good customer service and smooth production flow by providing onetime delivery and avoiding costly stock shortages. Inventories ordered in large quantities can result in lower freight charges and price discounts. On the other hand, inventory requires tying up capital that would otherwise be invested elsewhere. Inventory also requires costly storage space; and such costs as insurance, spoilage obsolesce, pilferage and taxes must be incurred as a result of maintaining inventory. Hence, there is an appropriate opportunity cost associated with their value. It is therefore, the duty of the management to seek decision rules that will actually balance these controversies of costs for a given system. It is in response to this management quest for guidance in handling inventory decision situations that a number of techniques (models) have been developed to serve as aid to management in achieving optimal inventory solutions. Inventory Cost The objectives of materials management are to minimize inventory investments and to maximize customer service. It is a plan to see that, the goals can be inconsistent or even indirect conflicts the role of the materials management is thus to balance the objective in relation to the existing conditions and environmental limitations. The basic object of inventory management is to maximize customer service through maintaining appropriate amount of inventory with minimum possible cost. Inventory costs are costs associated with the operation of an inventory system. Thus the relevant costs included inventory are the following: The purchase cost (P)The purchase costs of an item are the unit purchase it is obtained from an external source or the unit production costs it is produced internally. For the purchase items it is the purchase costless modified for different quantity levels manufacturing items the unit cost include direct labour or company overhead. Ordering or set up cost (C)This is the cost of placing an order. This cost directly with the number of order or setups placed and not at all weigh the size of the order. The ordering cost included making analysing materials inspecting materials follows up orders and doing the processing necessary to complete the transaction. Carrying costs or holding costs (H)There are costs of items (inventories) in storage. These costs vary with the level of inventory and occasionally with the length of item an item is held. The greater the level of inventory overtime, the higher the caring cost caring casts can be included the costs of losing the use of funds field up in inventory like storages casts such as rent of building heating cooling righting security, record keeping, deprecation obsolescence, product deterioration etc. Stock out cost (shortage cost) This is the cost as a result of not having items in storage. This can bring loses of good will profit loss of incur back order cost and delay in the customer service. Establishing the correct quantity to order from vendors or the size of lots submitted to the firms productive facilities involves a search for the minimum total cost resulting from the combined effects of fewer individual costs holding costs, setup costs ordering costs and storage costs (Tersine, R.J, 1994. PP. 13-15) Inventory Costing Method There are three methods of inventory costing method. These are:First – in First – out (FIFO)This method is based on the assumption that costs should be computed out in the order in which incurred. Inventory is thus stated in terms of recent costs. Last – in First – out (LIFO)is a method based on the assumption that goods should be charged out the latest cost be the latest cost be the first that are charge out. Inventories are thus stated in terms of earliest cost.Weighted average method is a method based on the assumption that goods should be charged out at an average cost such average being influenced by the number of unites acquired at the price. Inventories are stated at the same weighted average cost.

Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia - It Is Not Murder, It Is Mercy Essay

Euthanasia: It Is Not Murder, It Is Mercy Thesis Statement: Thousands of people in the United States alone die every year from terminal illness such as cancer, ALS and AIDS. Advanced Medical technology is responsible for keeping many of them alive - many against their wishes. In the United States, euthanasia (assisted suicide) is illegal in all but one state. Many patients are forced to suffer needlessly when there is another alternative. According to a new Time/CNN poll 7 out of 10 American's say that they want to die at home; instead three-fourths die in medical institutions" (Cloud 59). In our society people are, as a whole, living longer. With all the choices we are allowed, why is a good death not one of them? In our society we are awarded one life and one death, no more, no less. Granted, living life to its fullest is an American way of life NO ONE wants to die in pain, alone and afraid. We would all like to drift to sleep on the wings of a dove never to suffer again. It is a nice thought but for 52.5% of Americans who are terminally ill, this does not happen. More and more people, young and old, are being diagnosed with Cancer, AIDS, and other diseases such as Muscular Dystrophy, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (Lou Gehrig's Disease) and Alzheimer's disease. Euthanasia is becoming more and more popular as a way to end one's suffering when there is no further medical treatment available to CURE the disease. Darkling I listen, and for many a time I have been half in love with easeful death, Call'd him soft names in many a mused rhyme, To take the air my quiet breath; Now more than ever it seems rich to die To cease upon the midnight with no pain... -John Keats- Dying is a personal thing ... ...hink that the Death with Dignity Act should be incorporated into all the States laws. It is the last time one has the ability to assert oneself and make a conscious decision to die a good death. Give Strong Drink unto him that is ready to perish and wine unto those of heavy heart - Proverbs 31:6 SOURCES CITED Cloud, Joseph, "Seeking a Humane Way to Die." Time Magazine. September   2000. Euthanasia: Some General Information, http://www.geocities.com/Hollywood/Theater/2195/info.html Humphry, Derek. Final Exit. New York. 1991 Dell Publishing Tada, Joni Eareckson. When Is It Right To Die? Michigan, 1992.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Zondervan   Publishing Van Biema, David, "Is There a Right to Die?" Time Magazine. January 1997  Ã‚   http://www.time.com/time/magazine/1997/dom/970113/society.is_there_a.html Thomas Nelson Publishers Word in Life Bible. Nashville. 1993

Mother’s Role in Society

ROLE OF MOTHER IN SOCIETY â€Å"Under the feet of one’s mother, lies the Heaven. † Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) â€Å"I remember my mother’s prayers and they have always followed me. They have clung to me all my life. † Abraham Lincoln God created men and women to build life together and to complete one another all lifelong. Hence, Islam opened the door to women to wade through all the fields of struggle in life side by side with men, supporting each other, helping, and completing one another.Moreover, Islam did not separate them in roles, the thing that is clearly shown in God’s saying {The Believers, men and women, are protectors one of another: they enjoin what is just and forbid what is evil. } (9:71). Once we understand that justice embraces everything positive in life, and that evil comprises everything negative in it, we will then realize that men and women are partners in building up life. And just like men are responsible of the society, women a lso are equally responsible of the society they live in.So, outside the framework of the specifically motherhood and fatherhood characteristics where they perform absolutely different functions, men and women have vast areas to conquer, building life shoulder to shoulder as human beings, equal in humanity. Accordingly, we can say that Islam had opened the door to women to enjoy life as a whole, in contrast to what some people may assume that it had tied them down in their characteristics as females.The sphere in which a woman can express her femininity is narrow to a certain extent, because it is restricted to her marital life where her role as a female is mainly revealed, and to her family and feminine milieu where she can show her feminine traits through wearing ornaments or whatever†¦ not to mention motherhood that is the most important feminine role that a woman fulfills. But motherhood itself is not purely a feminine role; all the more so it is a human role in a woman†™s life. Thus, the role of a woman as a human being remains her most essential role in life.She must confirm, in her actions, that she is a person of reason, a person of will, a person of affection, and a person who has a mission to carry out and she should prove that she has the ability to take part in life. So, women’s humanity is the most important aspect in their personality because it is the aspect that symbolizes the aim God (S. W. T) created them to achieve in this world. He created women to contribute to the existence with the faculties they have, just as He created men to contribute to the existence with the abilities they possess.Therefore, we believe that, while the feminine aspect of the woman’s personality is revealed in a delimited sphere, her human aspect is manifested in her whole existence as a woman. Even more, the human aspect of her personality will indeed be integrated with the feminine aspect of her conduct as a female, whether with her husband or within her own specific sensations of femininity. Verily, the aspect of humanity in her will enrich that conduct turning it into a nobler one, and will expand her giving to the partner that she joins in marriage.Every society is made up of blocks of family units. The stronger each block is, the stronger the structure of the society. Families are thus the building blocks, upon which rests the fate of society. For the development of good families, the mother plays a vital role. Many women today have aspirations of progress in their careers, and degrees in various fields. However it is indisputable that the most important achievement of a mother is the raising of sensible, virtuous children who will then move on to build other strong blocks for society.It has been said that it is easy to bear children but it is difficult to raise them well. In that lies the challenge for all women who are mothers. Mother is, likely, one of those few words whose very cite inspires a fountain of emoti ons in the heart of almost every person. As very well said by a wise man, the mother's lap is the first school for every child. Mother is every man's primary wealth. Women are the creator and destroyer of society. Women can make a family, thus making the society a heaven by removing the wrongs and evils from the society.Our society views motherhood as something very special. Mothers should provide security and stability for their children. An ideal mother must sacrifice many of her own wants and desires for the benefit of her child and should teach him/her the ethics of being a good citizen. An ideal mother tries her best to carry out the goal to make her home a paradise for her children. A Muslim mother has a valued and dignified role. Her contribution is acknowledged and appreciated. Her unparalleled gifts to the child have been aptly described by Imam Zaynul `Abidin (a) in Risalatul Huqooq – The Chapter of Rights. It is the right of your mother that you should appreciate t hat she carried you [in her womb] the way nobody carries anybody. She fed you the fruits of her heart which nobody feeds anybody. She protected you [during pregnancy] with her ears, eyes, hands, legs, hair, limbs, [in short] with her whole being, gladly, cheerfully, and carefully; suffering patiently all the worries, pains, difficulties, and sorrows till the hand of God removed you from her and brought you into this world.Then she was most happy, feeding you forgetting her own hunger, clothing you even if she herself had no clothes, giving you milk and water not caring for her own thirst, keeping you in the shade, even if she had to suffer from the heat of the sun, giving you every comfort with her own hardships; lulling you to sleep while keeping herself awake. † The foundation of the family is laid with the decision to marry, and the importance of the mother is evident in Islamic teachings beginning with marriage, conception and then child rearing.As times change, mothers ch ange to meet the new roles that they are expected to play. Gone are the days where most mothers just cared for the family and the home. Mothers today are a lot of things to a lot of people. Mothers still have to fill the mother role, but it is not felt that they are the only ones responsible for rearing the family. What is a mother? It is now harder than ever to answer that question. The role of the mother is infinitely complex. Take any street in any town and ask a mother how they would define their role.All the answers will be different and significantly so. The changing role of mother today includes career issues, responsibility for total home care, education of children, healthy life styles for family, and there is more focus on mother as a person with needs of her own. You didn’t disagree with mom on issues of life styles and how to care for the home. The problem with the role of mothers then and the role they now have is the need to feel that they had to be all things t o all people.Today mothers are not afraid to say what is on their mind and someone think they are not a good wife or mother. The changing role of mothers should not be seen as a bad change, but one that promotes healthy happier life styles for all family members. Mothers will always fill the role of mother, no matter how many changes in life occur. Families today are just realizing the importance of all the roles mothers have played in the past and how her role is changing for the better.Women can change the society’s lookout and so they are only responsible for its upliftment or downfall. We all are greatly influenced by our Mothers. She remains a great reservoir of inspiration for all of us throughout our lives. Mothers not only inspire and make us good human beings but also bring smile on our faces. Mother’s value as a role model and keeper is undeniable. There is no substitute to mother for a baby. Mother plays a keystone role in bringing up newborn. Mother’ s role is not limited to newborns only.Mothers have to play a lively role even after their babies are grown up regardless of their age. In most of the Asian countries, mother is considered as symbol of strength and integrity and binding force for a family. Mother also plays a critical role in career building of her child, as mother best knows the capabilities, strengths and weaknesses in her kid and can better guide her child to choose the right profession. As mothers, are the one who mould their children into bright, beautiful, pure and strong itizens, we assign a special place to women in the society. It is therefore all the more important that the girls who are studying presently, should train themselves in such a way that they can live up to the ideals and aspirations of future woman. In conclusion, if we want a good society, first of all we have to look for a good mother, as a mother is not only a school, but she is also the life, origin of human. FIRDOUS AHMAD DAR _ myfirm. [e mail  protected] com; [email  protected] com

Police Culture and Its Influence to Their Behavior Essay

Introduction In today’s American society in policing are a set of fundamentals that helps set the law and keep everything in order or at least try too. We will be discussing the police culture and the significance stress in policing. In addition, we will also analyze the culture for women and the ethnic minorities. Also, on how they can achieve equality in law enforcement for women. Moreover, we will be going more in depth with internal and external mechanism that control police discretion. Analyze Police Culture, including the Significance of Stress in Policing There are many factors that contribute to the stress of a police officer. Some of these factors are as follows: dangers of the job itself, the probability of advancement or a lack of advancement opportunities, family, and any vice that he or she may be influenced by. Along with any other responsibilities that he or she may have. The culture to deal with these stresses is to speak to another police officer. At times this is encouraged because the other officer is your partner and probably the only one who will be able to relate to what the officer is going through. Police officers are always under stress because of the nature of their profession. In any case, they will need to make a split second decision that will be evaluated again and again by people in a controlled environment with none of the dangers or necessary immediate response that the officer was subjected to. This results in intense scrutiny by superiors, peers and the public. The result of this stress manifest itself though health related issues such as chronic illnesses, poor performance at work, failure to be a productive member of the family and unfortunately suicide. The police departments have made great strides in being able to detect an officer who is in need of help  and have conducted studies into how stress affects police officers. During their studies they have discovered that Officers who reported high levels of stress had a link to heart disease, depression, anxiety, somatization and posttraumatic stress disorder. They also discovered a strong relationship between work related stress and alcohol abuse (Gershon et al.2009). Police departments can help by having an engaged leadership in which they know their officers and know to look for the signs that someone needs help. Police department can also mitigate these issues by taking preventive measures by educating the officers to develop coping mechanisms to help alleviate the daily stress that builds up in some people. Woman and Minorities in policing today Employment discrimination on the basis of race, ethnicity, or sex is illegal in the United States this is due to the passing of title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Acts. In 1n 1972 the Equal Employment Opportunity Act extended the coverage of the 1964 law to state, local, and government which included the police and sheriff’s departments (Walker, S., katz, C.M. , 2011). The employment of minorities and woman officers have increased significantly over the last forty years. A useful tool in measuring the ratio of minority groups in a law enforcement agency is the (CALEA) which means Commission on Accreditation for Law Enforcement Agencies. The recommendations of CALEA is that law enforcement agencies have a ratio of minorities employed in approximate proportion to the diversity of the agency. Another useful tool that is useful to measure employment in law enforcement is the Equal Employment Opportunity Index. This measurement tool is used to compute the relationship between the racial diversity in the community and how this reflects the racial diversity in police departments that serve that particular area (Walker, S., katz, C.M. , 2011). For example, a police department in southern parts of the United States may hire more African American officers because of the racial makeup of a particular city being serviced at that time. There is still however, an underrepresentation of African American police officers in some states. According to (AolJobs.com) there was a serious problem with the Boston Police Department in 2010. According to the article there was discriminatory hiring practices being used to eliminate out minorities applicants. â€Å"The city is about 24 percent  black according to the 2010 census but of the 51 Lieutenants on the force just two are black men and of the 23 Captains The only black man retired yesterday† (Gorden, 2012). The Article shows that even today discr imination is still alive and well and is still existing in some police departments across America today. Because of the rapidly changing population in some parts of the United States employment of Hispanic and Latino officers have increased. Being able to speak with the public when dispatched to a call is very important. Being able to speak Spanish or know a foreign language can be a very important asset to a police department. Because a police officer of a different racial ethnicity can respond to citizens who may not speak English and may be able to effectively communicate within their own racial group this is a very important asset to most police departments. Because of that fact most Hispanic and Latino officers are highly recruited by some police departments. Because of the changing face of law enforcement in the last 40 years woman are becoming police officers in higher rates today. Old policies that discriminated woman officers have been changing over the last 40 years. For example, rules on hairstyles and officers who become pregnant while actively being a police officer has changed. The federal Discrimination Act prohibited Employment discrimination on the basis of pregnancy, childbirth, or any other pregnancy-related medical conditions (Walker, S., katz, C.M. , 2011). There still is a long way to go in the hiring of more woman police officers. Woman police officers are still underrepresented compared to men in police departments across the United States. Some of the reason diversity is so important in the police work force environment for minorities and woman is improvement of public service to different racial and gender groups, and also to improve the image of the police departments as a fair and equal employer. This will lead to better police –community relations and better work environment for police departments in general. Internal and External Mechanisms that Control Police Discretion Many writers have a tried to define â€Å"police discretion† but the most widely used definition is the following: A police officer or police agency may be said to exercise discretion whenever effective limits on his, or her, or its power leave the officer or agency free to make choices among possible courses of action or inaction. This very well written description of the said subject was written by Kenneth Culp  Davis in his book â€Å"Discretionary Justice† from (1969). What he meant by that is not very hard to comprehend . Mr. Davis believes that when an officer has a choice over how to respond to a specific problem or situation that police officer is said to have discretion or choice. The big word to remember is choice. Another definition used for â€Å"police discretion† states: Discretion is defined as an official action by a criminal justice official based on that individual’s judgment about the best course of action. So what do some police officers take into consideration when making the decision to arrest or not to arrest? Well, according to research the seriousness of the alleged offense is one of the most important factors that police officers take into consideration when deciding whether to arrest a suspect as one might expect. For example, an officer is most likely to arrest an individual for assault or robbery than a minor petty offense. Another reason an officer might lean more towards arresting an individual is safety. For example, if the officer believes that an individual might pose a threat to himself or to others then he or she might be inclined to deescalate the situation by removing or incapacitating the said suspect. Another factor that plays a part in whether or not an officer makes an arrest is the attitude of the suspect, believe it or not. For example if the suspect appears aggressive or disrespectful when stopped or being questioned. Other factors that influence discretionary decisions are the strength of the evidence, characteristics of the victim, relationship between victim and suspect but the most controversial factor, by far, is taking the minority status into account to the offence or â€Å"racial profiling†, as it is more generally called. Some factors that inhibit the officers’ discretionary ability are official department policies, the informal organizational cultures of the department, the local political culture. But at the end of the day, the decisions made by individual officers still determine who is arrested and who is not. Despite the dawn of mandatory arrest policies and other influences, the final decision is theirs and theirs alone. Conclusion In conclusion, we have discussed and analyzed police culture and the significance of stress while policing, women and minorities in policing today, and finally internal and external mechanisms that control public discretion. The Police profession as a whole is one that can go from one  extreme of emotion to another. Policing is often many hours of boredom to chaos in a moment’s notice, because of this a police officer’s career is marked frequently with encounters of danger and reckless abandon. The issues that society has directly affects the police officer negatively impacting his or her psyche. As the pressure of duty rises police officers often experience anger, depression, and or delusion. Because of this stress, over a period of time, can build up, and cause psychological indispositions that may strain an officer’s relationship with family or friends, or worse co-workers. These psychological indispositions can lead to an officer to quit, retire early, or e ven worse, become abusive or suicidal. The importance of women and minorities in policing today are vast. Because employment discrimination is against the law in the United States, the addition of women and minorities have improved the police force throughout the country. Although there are some discrepancies in hiring certain ethnicity’s, as a whole, the police forces of America are continuing in an upward climb. Because of changes in policy, women are able to not only become police officers but also maintain the status of being a mother. The importance of minorities within the policing community is important with the make up of America rapidly changing it allows police to communicate with the community effectively and efficiently. Police discretion although there is no clear definition of what it is, have internal and external mechanisms which control it. Policing officer’s always have a choice when it comes to making a decision (even split second). What the main control of police discretion is always relies upon the police officer to be calm clear minded and professional especially in this day and age where every move an officer makes is either filmed or recorded and scrutinized. References Grant, H. B., & Terry, K. J. (2012). Law enforcement in the 21st century (3rd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson. Jobs.aol.com/articles/2012/02/15/black-police-officers-sue-boston-for-discrimination Law Enforcement in the 21st Century, Third edition Walker, S., & Katz, C. M. (2011). The police in America: An introduction (7th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.

Digital Technology in Modern Society

Digital Technology in Modern Society Introduction Technology has definitely become an important aspect of our daily lives. Whether directly or indirectly, people interact with technology on their daily basis and get affected differently. The manner in which individuals get affected further varies from one person to the other.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Digital Technology in Modern Society specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This essay focuses on the impact of digital technology on our culture with special emphasis on how youths have been affected by various aspects of digital technology. To achieve this objective, views from three authors have been considered through comparative analysis. These authors are: Charles McGrath, Lakshmi Chaundhry and Will Wright. Digital technology analysis In his article, The Pleasures of the text, McGrath analyzes how digital technology has affected the manner in which young people communicate especially using mobile pho nes. With affordability of mobile phones having risen, messaging has gained preference among young people. He notes that the language of text messaging encompasses a wide range of elements like shorthand contractions, emoticons, acronyms and letter-number homophones (McGrath 1). He argues that this preference is based on the limited number of characters that a text message can accommodate and the less versatility nature of cell phone screens. He says â€Å"But because the typical cell phone screen can accommodate no more than 160 characters, and because the cell phone touchpad is far less versatile than the computer keyboard, text-messaging puts an even greater premium on concision (McGrath 1). Because of the emerging texting trends, books have been written for acronyms like CWOT (complete waste of time) (McGrath 1). He further notes that text-messaging has mimicked hip hop so much that most commonly used characteristics are used by hip hoppers say, â€Å"a† for â€Å"erâ⠂¬ . As a result, this form of texting that is common among young people is â€Å"lateral† and encourages mindlessness among users. It is a rude way of expressions especially in Britain where relationships are terminated using such messages. He further affirms that excessive use of this messaging style is common in developing countries where messages are more affordable than voice calls. This has also been promoted by culture like in China where voice messages symbolize rudeness among users (McGrath 1). On the other hand, Chaundhry argues that technology has created a new era of celebrities as people have endless opportunities to celebrate their heroes online. In his article, Mirror, Mirror on the Web, he notes that becoming a celebrity is no longer an honor in the digital world and that ordinary citizens have significantly grabbed these opportunities.Advertising Looking for essay on other technology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More With the existence of mammoth technological ideas, the world is likely to change in several ways. He refers to this as progressive fantasy which is interlaced with collaboration, change and community (Chaundhry 1). Furthermore, Web 2.0 allows people to be worshipped, admired and idolized as majority of people derive pleasure in being considered as heroes and heroines. This notion has promoted self-promotion in the digital society as individuals aim at establishing personal fame on the web through countless links and accounts with different social websites. Unlike previous generations when celebs commanded honor and respect for their achievements, digital technology has eliminated the honor of being a celeb. Due to the public hunger for fame, the media always introduces programs that allow individuals to woo the public as their celebs. Additionally, Chaundhry argues that digital technology has reduced fame to public attention and separated it from the traditi onal achievements and wealth. As a result, fame has become a commodity that is only acquired through media publicity. This has its core roots in the young generation that some consider being famous as the definition of American dream. According to Chaundhry, â€Å"Since a key component of narcissism is the need to be admired and to be the center of attention, Generation Mes attraction to fame is inevitable.†You teach kids theyre special† (1). It therefore suffices to mention that digital technology has promoted the desire for self-promotion and the need to seek public approval. As such, the cultural approach of becoming famous has been replaced with virtual personas among the youths. This obsession augmented by digital technology negates the need for achievement and success that traditionally characterized celebs. With regard to digital technology and its impact on our culture, Will Wright discusses how computer imaging and videogames have tremendously affected young pe ople in the current generation. Unlike other forms of games, Wright notes that computer games are played through trial and error method as players rarely go through the manual in order to master rules and directions. However, he reiterates that videogames make young people to believe that the world is a place for creation and not consumption as perceived in olden days of structured learning.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Digital Technology in Modern Society specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This can therefore be regarded as the impact of videogames on our culture even as we embrace digital technology. In his article, Dream Machines, Wright views videogames from a two-dimensional point of view as he describes the impact of this technology in the society. The negative side of videogames emphasizes the fact that these games are violent and affect the personality of young people who play them (Wright 1). Children who c ontinuously play videogames usually end up becoming bullies at school or demonstrate some level of violence in their daily interactions. Additionally, videogames are addictive and time wasters. Many young people have replaced healthy and constructive leisure activities like excising with endless videogames which end up eating their time and rendering them into sedentary lifestyles. As stated by Wright, â€Å"Games have the potential to subsume almost all other forms of entertainment media. They can tell us stories, offer us music, give us challenges, allow us to communicate and interact with others, encourage us to make things, connect us to new communities, and let us play† (1). In other words, they can offer almost everything that a young person would look for in terms of music, tell stories and allow connection and communication among players. With the evolution of technology, videogames are likely to allow development of models to mimic what we like and do (Wright 1). Con clusion From the above analysis, it is more evident that digital technology has a wide range of effects to our culture and to the young generation. Chaundhry and McGrath agree with Wright that digital technology has negatively affected our culture. According to the three, this technology affects youths positively and negatively. McGrath discusses how message texting has changed by use of shorthand contractions, emoticons and acronyms. Similarly, Chaundhry concurs that social networks like YouTube have promoted self-promotion in the society and eliminated the role of achievements and success in defining ones fame. The same stance is taken by Wright who affirms that videogames have negatively affected youths by promoting violence, addiction and wastage of time. Chaundhry, Lakshmi. â€Å"Mirror, Mirror on the Web.† The Nation. 2007. Web.Advertising Looking for essay on other technology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More McGrath, Charles. â€Å"The Pleasures of the Text†. The New York Times. 2006. Web. Wright, Will. â€Å"Dream Machines.† Wired. 2006. Web.

Basic Solutions for Bad Study Habit

The best way to balance school and friends is to study together. Good friends will support your academic and future goals. You can also make friends with other people who are planning for college and taking the same classes as you. †¢Add interest to your reading assignments. To get through a long reading assignment, imagine yourself in the story. Get involved. Ask yourself, â€Å"What is important to remember about this section? † You should always take notes or underline key sections and discuss the material with others in your class. You can also create a study group and break the assignment into different sections. Each person can be responsible for closely studying one part of the text. The other parts you can skim or outline. Then get together as a group to share what you’ve learned. †¢Cramming before a test. Cramming before a test is always a bad idea. Start studying well in advance. Begin with an hour or two a day and then increase your study time as exams approach. †¢Don’t know where to start. Your challenge is to prioritize. With a big project, list all the things you have to do. Then split the project into small, manageable chunks. Ask, â€Å"Which part is due first? Which part of the assignment is worth more points? Which task will take the most time to complete? † Decide which tasks are most important and what order you’ll use to get things done. Then get started! The most important thing to remember is start early and work a little bit each day. You’ll be amazed at how much progress you make. †¢Staying up all night to study. Before a test, it is important to get enough sleep. Period. Make time to relax and unwind before each test. Be sure to eat well, sleep well and maybe get some exercise. You’re more likely to do better on the test if you take care of yourself. †¢Not enough time to study. The trick to solving this problem is getting organized. Bring out all of your notes and textbooks. Identify the most important information and the things you don’t understand. Focus your study time and energy on learning those things. If you need extra help, ask a teacher or tutor. If after school activities are the problem, keep a calendar with game days, meetings, assignments and practice times. Start assignments right when you get them, and use lunch hours and breaks to make extra progress. †¢Trouble remembering things. If you only have trouble sometimes, try connecting new information with your own examples and experiences. Use rhymes, poems or mental pictures to help remember important facts. Some people even make up songs to help them remember things. If you always have trouble remembering, no matter how long or hard you study, talk to your teacher or school counselor. They can talk with you about your specific problems and recommend strategies to help. Basic Solutions for Bad Study Habit The best way to balance school and friends is to study together. Good friends will support your academic and future goals. You can also make friends with other people who are planning for college and taking the same classes as you. †¢Add interest to your reading assignments. To get through a long reading assignment, imagine yourself in the story. Get involved. Ask yourself, â€Å"What is important to remember about this section? † You should always take notes or underline key sections and discuss the material with others in your class. You can also create a study group and break the assignment into different sections. Each person can be responsible for closely studying one part of the text. The other parts you can skim or outline. Then get together as a group to share what you’ve learned. †¢Cramming before a test. Cramming before a test is always a bad idea. Start studying well in advance. Begin with an hour or two a day and then increase your study time as exams approach. †¢Don’t know where to start. Your challenge is to prioritize. With a big project, list all the things you have to do. Then split the project into small, manageable chunks. Ask, â€Å"Which part is due first? Which part of the assignment is worth more points? Which task will take the most time to complete? † Decide which tasks are most important and what order you’ll use to get things done. Then get started! The most important thing to remember is start early and work a little bit each day. You’ll be amazed at how much progress you make. †¢Staying up all night to study. Before a test, it is important to get enough sleep. Period. Make time to relax and unwind before each test. Be sure to eat well, sleep well and maybe get some exercise. You’re more likely to do better on the test if you take care of yourself. †¢Not enough time to study. The trick to solving this problem is getting organized. Bring out all of your notes and textbooks. Identify the most important information and the things you don’t understand. Focus your study time and energy on learning those things. If you need extra help, ask a teacher or tutor. If after school activities are the problem, keep a calendar with game days, meetings, assignments and practice times. Start assignments right when you get them, and use lunch hours and breaks to make extra progress. †¢Trouble remembering things. If you only have trouble sometimes, try connecting new information with your own examples and experiences. Use rhymes, poems or mental pictures to help remember important facts. Some people even make up songs to help them remember things. If you always have trouble remembering, no matter how long or hard you study, talk to your teacher or school counselor. They can talk with you about your specific problems and recommend strategies to help.

Planning in Ireland. Does Planning Ensures Economic Growth Essay

Planning in Ireland. Does Planning Ensures Economic Growth - Essay Example The city Dublin, founded as a Viking settlement, the city has been Ireland's primary city for most of the island's history since medieval times. Today, it is an economic, administrative and cultural centre for the island of Ireland, and has one of the fastest growing populations of any European capital city. The economic boom years have led to a sharp increase in construction, which is now also a major employer, especially for immigrants. Redevelopment is taking place in large projects such as Dublin Docklands, Spencer Dock and others, transforming once run-down industrial areas in the city centre. This would have not been possible if there had not been strategic planning with visionary economic ambitions. Hence, the supreme justification of planning lies with its expected output. Otherwise no economy would accomplish its strategic design based on the available resources and its management. In the 1920s and early 1930s, the Republic of Ireland pursued a low-tax, low-spending, non-interventionist approach under the government of W. T. Cosgrave and Cumann na nGaedhael, focused mainly on agriculture, livestock farming being of primary importance. The only notable expense the government went to during this time was for the rural electrification scheme, which saw 5,000,000 being spent constructing the Ardnacrusha hydroelectric power station on the river Shannon. During this period, 97% of trade was done with Britain. This government favored free trade. However, this proved inadequate after the Wall Street Crash of 1929. Ireland, as we know, is the third largest island in Europe and the twentieth largest island in the world. Politically, the Republic of Ireland covers five sixths of the island, with Northern Ireland, part of the United Kingdom, covering the remainder in the northeast. According to Government census carried out in 2007 the population of the island is slightly under six million with almost 4.25 million in the Republic of Ireland, 1.7 million in Greater Dublin and an estimated 1.75 million in Northern Ireland, 0.6 million in Greater Belfast. This is a significant increase from a modern historical low in the 1960s, but still much lower than the peak population of over 8 million in the early 19th century, prior to the Great Famine. In 1932, Eamonn De Valera's Fianna Fil party defeated Cosgrave's party with a solid majority. De Valera's policy was of economic nationalism, a belief in self-sufficiency, and attempted industrialization. The economic war resulted in widespread hardship for Irish farming, which was the backbone of the economy, and which relied on exports to English cities for a market. The tariffs resulted in price increases for many essential manufactured goods, and an increase in the cost of living. High unemployment in richer English speaking countries made emigration from Ireland less of an option, decreasing wages. Northern I reland experienced a boom during World War II, as a result of demand for its principal industries, shipbuilding and linen making, and got a lot of support from the British government thereafter. Purpose built industrial estates was developed in most large towns. Rural Electrification, the division of large estates, and agricultural scientific education resulted in dramatic increases in agricultural output in the 1960s. In 1972, secondary level education was made free and compulsory. The Republic applied to join the European

'Regional inequalities in income and opportunity are developing in Essay

'Regional inequalities in income and opportunity are developing in such a way that the gap emerging between rich and poor regions could threaten Russia's integr - Essay Example Regional inequalities in income and opportunity refer to inequalities that make the gap between the rich and poor that could threaten Russia’s integrity. For the inequality to make to threaten Russia’s integrity, it must be defined as that will merit political or social action on the part of the Russian government. To undertand that extent of this inequality, there must be a way of measuring the same. A way to do it is the Gini coefficient, which a measure of inequality of a distribution. Italian statistician Corrado Gini developed this Gini coefficient and published the same in his 1912 paper "Variability and Mutability". The term is a ratio with values between 0 and 1: where the numerator is the area between the Lorenz curve of the distribution and the uniform (perfect) distribution line and the denominator is the area under the uniform distribution line. The Gini index then is the Gini coefficient that is converted as a percentage, by multiplying it by 100. The Gini coefficient is used to measure income inequality, where 0 corresponds to perfect income equality and 1 corresponds to perfect income inequality (Wikipedia, 2007) (Paraphrasing made). The coefficient could be used to measure both inequality of income and opportunity. Inequality in income could be easily understood to refer to per capita income but inequality of opportunity must be defined clearly. Mitra, P. and Yemtsov, R. (2006) distinguished equality of opportunity and equality of outcomes as follows: â€Å"The World Development Report (2006) makes a persuasive case for policies that promote equality of opportunity, defined as opportunities to pursue a life of an individual’s choosing and be spared from extreme deprivation in outcomes. However, it cites the examples of decollectivization of agriculture in China in the late 1970s and wage decompression in Central and Eastern Europe following the onset of transition in those countries as cases

Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Group Therapy Quantitative Essay

Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Group Therapy Quantitative Analysis Article - Essay Example This paper aims at establishing the author’s potentiality in utilizing the main research methodologies to conduct the proposed research on cognitive behavioral group therapy in promoting performance among college students. Article on Quantitative Analysis Article 1: Ilkhchi, S., Poursharifi H., and Alilob, M 2011 The effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Group Therapy on self-efficacy and assertiveness among anxious female students of high schools, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 30; 2586 – 2591. This article primarily focusses on the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral group therapy on promoting self-efficacy and assertiveness among anxious female students of high schools. Analysis of Research Question This article seeks to answer the question of how effective is cognitive behavioral group therapy on promoting self-efficacy and assertiveness among anxious female students of high schools. The research paper first asserts that high school students particularl y girls are predisposed to various stressors that make them prone to stress. The research paper asserts that effective therapy methods can be used to boost assertiveness and self-efficacy thereby preparing students for better academic performance (Beck, Epstein, Brown, & Steer, 1988). The research paper makes it clear that counseling in high schools is indeed an important activity and it should be encouraged. The researcher of this article has used interviews to collect data, used quantitative method to analyze the data and then present the research findings thereby answering the research question. Methodology Used The research article has taken on quantitative research methodology. A representative sample of high school girls, who have demonstrated various anxiety symptoms according to a present standard, are selected for the study (Colter, & Guerra, 1976). Their anxiety levels are predetermined and recorded. The students are then exposed to counseling therapy for a given time afte r which the anxiety levels are determined again. The values are analyzed using SPSS method and research findings presented in figures. Quantitative research methodology is a research method that seek to establish the reasons why certain phenomenon occurs the way they do (Jacobs, & Cochran, 1980). The research was aimed at establishing why people develop anxiety from low self-efficacy and non-assertiveness through cognitive behavior group therapy (CGBT). Findings From the studies conducted, it was established that the mean of self-efficacy and assertiveness were in cross range. The level of anxiety in every individual was found to have a direct correlation with his or her scores of self-efficacy and assertiveness. The selected population was found to have means of 37.13, 31.53 and 34.66 for interventions, placebo and control respectively. The standard deviation or deviation of each sample for the mean was found to be 9.53, 3.39 and 5.85 for each of the three settings respectively. Me an for self-efficacy and assertiveness were found to be 47.26 and 92.86. Standard deviations fro the different cases were found to be 10.06 and 24.84 respectively. Discussions The study was conducted to establish CBGT for assertiveness and self-efficacy among high school students. According to the findings, anxious students have strong

Causes of the Little India Riots

Causes of the Little India Riots Introduction In December 2013, an alarming incident hit Singapore and shocked the entire world. Newspaper, reports on it spread across the globe. This incident is no other than the Little India’s Riot. The severity of this issue had sent different messages to the different communities in Singapore. For instance, the government realized the need to look into the issue of migrant workers, Singaporeans preconceived stereotype of these migrant workers worsen and migrant workers possibly losing a place where they can get to enjoy the sense homeliness that they missed dearly. Hence as a result of this highly discussed incident in Little India, I have decided to take a closer look at Little India and the tension that was built up among the residents and the migrant workers there. Prior to this incident, based on a research by T.C. Chang (2000), most of the initial displeasures came from the non-Indian community living in Little India. (Chang, 2000) However, the result of the riot had sparked off increasing concerns from the Indian residents as well. The riot did not occur due to the tension built up but it certainly did amplify the concerns residents have on the migrant workers and their existence. In this paper, we will look at the history of Little India and the present situation, followed by the reasons for the migrant workers’ gatherings and finally the cause of these tension built up to provide a better picture on how the co-presence of migrant workers and residents created tension. However, prior to that, I would like to introduce certain geog raphical terms that will be used throughout this paper which are mainly, space, place and identity. Space in geography is often used in doing spatial analysis. There are many definitions of space available in the different literatures. However, in the context of this paper, we will be looking at Cognitive Space. Cognitive Space is often used when space is shaped by human’s values and thinking. It is bounded by settings which comprises the identities and relations people have with it. Hence, neither space nor place can exist without one another. (Agnew, 2011; Furland, 2008; Mazà ºr Urbà ¡nek, 1983; Horodniceanu, n.d) According to Edward Relph’s book titled Place and Placelessness (1980), he defined place as â€Å"fusions of human and nature order and are the significant centers of our immediate experiences of the world†(p. 141). In order words, place is somewhere where an individual or group has a strong sense of attachment to, creating a sense of identity with the place. (Monnet, 2011; Hauge, 2007; Tuan, 2001; Seamon, 1996; Relph, 1980) In short, space, plac e and identity are often interlinked and one could not exist without another. Having said that, with a brief introduction to these key terms, we will move on to take a closer look at the issue mentioned. History of Little India Little India is not quite like how it is termed. It was never a designated ethnic enclave, dominated by one particular community, unlike Chinatown. However, under the development of Singapore and the cattle trading industry in the mid-1800s in Little India, it had attracted many Indian traders and laborers coming into Little India and eventually settling down there. The increasing growth of the Indian population during the 19th and 20th century led to the numerous cultural and religious landmarks such as Hindu temples that can still be observed today. By then, Little India was dominated by the Tamil-speaking south Indians. The commercial and retail activities catered specifically to this specific community grew rapidly. Even though it was predominantly occupied by the Indians, there were Chinese and Eurasians inhabitants as well. Hence, Little India is considered have a multi-ethnicity population and not just the Indian community. The diversity of population is showcased through the wide array of worship places in the area catering to the different communities and religions which can be found as architectural landmarks in Little India today. (Chang, 2000; URA, 1995; Wong, n.d) Present situation Fast forward to today’s context, it is undeniable there has been an increasing trend in the number of migrant workers coming into Singapore seeking for job opportunities. Based on the statistics obtained from the Ministry of Manpower Singapore, the number of work permits issued for the construction industry increased from 180,000 as of December 2007 to 306,500 in June 2013 (Ministry of Manpower, 2013). The number of foreign workers working in the construction industry had increased by close to 40% as of the figure in 2007. You might be wondering why the emphasis on migrant workers in the construction industry. This is because large percentage of them came from South Asian and shared a similar culture of the Indians. As such, Little India became a place where they gather during the weekends, converting public and private spaces in their own diaspora third spaces. (Yew, 2014) Their presence had also caused an undeniable change in the landscape of Little India. For instance, Beng ali is now the second mostly widely seen and spoken language in Little India. There are also increasing numbers of Bengali restaurants selling Bengali cuisines and even retail shops selling Bengali products set up along the streets of Little India. The characteristics of a street in South Asian can be seen transported into the streets of Little India, replacing many of Little India’s very own characteristics. (Yew, 2014) This process of place-making is also known as personalization. It refers to putting a distinctive mark on a place and it can be in the form of physical changes or attitudinal changes. In this case, we can see that the influence of these migrant workers had created both tangible and intangible forms of personalization on Little India. (Garcia, 2012) The touch of personalisation further entice them into visiting Little India as based on the article â€Å"Home away from Home† by The Straits Times (2013), Little India provides them with the sense of homeli ness, which they had left behind to seek job opportunities in Singapore. It is also estimated that the numbers of migrant workers going to Little India on Sundays can hit more than 30,000. Reasons This increasing trend had caused tension to build up between them and the residents creating an insider-outsider dichotomy in Little India. (Chang, 2000) An insider refers to someone that has a sense of social belonging and is adapted to fit the space while an outsider, is someone who does not feel belonged and feels culturally out of place. According the Edward Relph (1980), there are different forms of insideness and outsideness. In the context of Little India, the residents themselves take up the identity as existential insiders. It is only possible for people who live in that place and had developed a strong sense of belonging and identity with it. The migrant workers on the other hand are incidental outsiders whereby the place was just a setting where they have their activities at. (Relph, 1980) As a result of the co-existence of these two communities in one place, one as an insider and the other as an outsider, a dichotomy will follow because of the different importance the pla ce plays for them. Residents, as insiders, will value the place much more than the migrant workers as the place provides them with a sense of belonging, attachment and identity and played an important role in their daily lives as it is the place where they live and play. The migrant workers on the other hand may only refer Little India as a place for them to gather over the weekends as it provides them the sense of homeliness. (Chan et al., 2013) Therefore, because of different importance Little India plays for the different community, certain behaviors or actions carried out by the â€Å"outsiders† in it may be deemed as unacceptable by the â€Å"insiders†. The unacceptance of the actions hence creates a tension build up between the two. In addition, the sense of insideness and belonging the residents had of Little India also portrayed an implicit sense that they entitled more rights to the space compared to the â€Å"outsiders† and that these public spaces should not be â€Å"owned† by the â€Å"outsiders† during the weekends. However, no one actually legally owns these public spaces. (Yew, 2014) Hence, as a result of these prejudice ownership of rights of the residents and the tension built up overtime, these common spaces where these migrant workers tend to frequent in large numbers were constructed into social problems as their attempts in reclaiming of public spaces. (Yew, 2014; Chang, 2014; Berlenger et al. 2012; Garcia, 2012) The increasing trend of tension build up could be seen from the increasing numbers of reports on the complaints residents had lodged on the migrant workers because of their misconduct. Most of the residents interviewed voiced that the presence of these migrant workers was a major issue that should be looked at. Many complained of their rowdiness under void decks, loitering and even claimed to feel unsafe. This is especially so after the recent riot that occurred in Little India in December 2013. (Yahoo, 2013; Lee, 2013; Gan, 2011; Chang, 2014) However, I feel that besides the insider-outsider dichotomy inside Little India between the residents and migrant workers, the concept of â€Å"othering†, the marginalization of migrant workers in Singapore is highly applicable to the reason for tension build up as well. (Rubdy Mckay, 2013; Vincent et al., 2006) Migrant workers coming into Singapore has always been seen as an â€Å"other† on Singapore landscapes and were marginalized by society. The preconceived stereotype the general public had of the migrant workers often associate it with the 3’Ds which are dirty, difficult and dangerous. (Yew, 2014; Rubdy Mckay, 2013; Vincent et al., 2006) Hence, because of the jobs they are involved in, mostly construction, they are often seen as the â€Å"foreign, lowly and othered pariahs in society† (Rosanow, n.d). These perceptions could be due to the lack of exposure to these workers or even hearsay. Even though there were efforts made by the government, it is still not possible to erase the fundamental relationship between Singaporeans and the migrant workers that had built up for a long time. Hence, due to the preconceived stereotypes the general public had of migrant workers and the increasing numbers of migrant workers, it amplified the anxieties of alterity residents had of the migrant workers in Little India. This increasing sense of alterity is also one of the possible causes of insider-outsider dichotomy in the area, thus creating tension due to unacceptability. Hence, we can say that the issue of marginalization of foreign workers in general among Singaporeans had played a part in contributing to the formation of the insider-outsider dichotomy. Conclusion In conclusion, the increasing number of migrant workers coming into Singapore had created tension between the locals and them. Tension built up could be due to the preconceived idea people have of these workers and hence rejecting them placing their footsteps on Singapore’s landscape or becoming part of their â€Å"space†. This rejection can be seen through the insider-outsider dichotomy as mentioned above. These signs of tension between residents and migrant workers are not only observed in Little India. Places such as Lucky Plaza in Orchard Road and Golden Mile are areas that face similar issues like those in Little India where there is a constant build-up of tension because of the increasing number of migrant workers gathering in these areas. This tension will continue to grow if neither Singaporeans nor migrant workers are willing to change their mindsets. Singaporeans ought to keep an open mind about these migrant workers while the workers become more sensitive to their environment and the feelings of the residents. Singaporeans have to learn to appreciate their existence on Singapore landscapes, the role they play in our society and not judge them based on the work they are involved in. It is the only way to prevent continual build-up of tension as it is an undeniable fact that Singapore needs these workers to sustain its development. Bibliography Berlenger, H., Cameron, S., Mora, C. d. (2012). Place Identity and the experience of Public Space: Revitalisation. Restorativeness, and Transformation. In H. Casakin, F. Bernando, Role of Place Identity in the Perception, Understanding, and Design of Built Environments (pp. 47-91). SAIF Zone, Sharjah, UAE: Bentham Science Publishers. Chang, R. (2014, January 26). Supper Club: Denise Phua: Put ourselves in Little India residents shoes, The Straits Times: SingaPolitics. Retrieved February 11, 2014, from: http://www.singapolitics.sg/supperclub/denise-phua-put-ourselves-little-india-residents-shoes Chang, R., Mokhtar, M., Yong, C. (2013, December 17). Little India Home Away From Home, The Straits Times. Retrieved from http://www.straitstimes.com/the-big-story/case-you-missed-it/story/little-india-home-away-home-20131217 Chang, T. C. (2000). Singapores Little India: A Tourist Attraction as a Contested Landscape, Urban Studies. 37(2), 343-366. Furland, E. B. (2008). The effect of development in Little India and Chinatown, Singapore, from third to first world country. Norwegian University of Technology and Science, Department of Geography. Trondheim. Gan, L. K. (2011, June 20). The New Paper: Little India Residents Woes, AsiaOne News. Retrieved February 9, 2014, from: http://news.asiaone.com/News/AsiaOne+News/Singapore/Story/A1Story20110620-285089.html. Garcia, J. H. (2012). Open Spaces in Informal Settlements in Bogota, Expressions of Attachment and Identity. In H. Casakin, F. Bernardo, Role of Place Identity in the Perception, Understanding, and Design of Built Environments (pp. 92-106). SAIF Zone, Sharjah, UAE : Bentham Science Publishers . Hage, G. (2006). Insiders and Outsiders. Sociology: place, time and division. Hauge, A. L. (2007, March 1). Identity and place: a critical comparison of three, Architectural Science Review. 2-6. Horodniceanu, O. (n.d). Space, Place, Idenity, Geographical Approaches Lee, K. L. (2013, December 10). Safety of Little India’s residents can be improved, Today Online: Voices. Retrieved February 9, 2014, from: http://www.todayonline.com/voices/safety-little-indias-residents-can-be-improved Mazà ºr, E., Urbà ¡nek, J. (1983). Space in Geography. GeoJournal, 7(2), 139-143. Ministry of Manpower. (2013, June). Foreign Workforce Numbers, Ministy of Manpower. Retrieved February 11, 2014, from: http://www.mom.gov.sg/statistics-publications/others/statistics/Pages/ForeignWorkforceNumbers.aspx#sthash.vIDdObHR.dpbs Monnet, J. (2011). The symbolism of place: a geography of relationships between space, power and identity (Vols. (1278-3366)). Cybergeodo. Relph, E. (1980). Place and Placelessness. London: Pion Limited. Rosanow, G. A. (n.d). Home Away from Home Social Support Network for Migrant Workers , Kitakyushu Forum for Women. Rubdy, R., Mckay, S. L. (2013). Foreign Workers in Singapore: Conflicting discourses, language politics and the negotiation of immigrant identities. De Gruyter Mouton. Seamon, D. (1996). A Singular Impact: Edward Relphs Place and Placelessness. In Environmental and Architectural Phenomenology Newsletter (Vol. 7, pp. 5-8). Selten, M., Zandt, F. v. (2012, September 19). Space vs Place. Human Geography Knowledge Base Retrieved March 3, 2014, from http://geography.ruhosting.nl/geography/index.php?title=Space_vs._place Tuan, Y.-F. (2001). Space and Place: The Perspective Experience. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. Urban Redevelopemnt Authority. (n.d). Conservation-Little India, Urban Redevelopment Authority. Retrieved February 10, 2014, from: http://www.ura.gov.sg/uol/conservation/conservation-xml.aspx?id=LTIN Urban Redevelopment Authority. (1995). Little India- Historic District. Singapore. Vincent, J. A., Shiuan, O. S., Subto, S. F., Manhong, Y., Jing, Y. Y. (2008). The Attitudes of Tertiary Students toward Foreign Construction Workers. Ngee Ann Polytechnic. Wong, S. Y. (n.d). Not such a Little India, Reclaim Land. Retrieved February 9, 2014, from: http://reclaimland.sg/rl/?p=30 Yahoo News: Shopkeepers,residents,visitors responds to Little Indias riot. (2013, December 9). Retrieved from http://sg.news.yahoo.com/singapore-charge-24-indian-workers-rioting-044957734.html Yew, L. (2014). Asianism and the Politics of Regional Consciousness in Singapore. In L. Yew, Asianised Landscapes and the transculturation of Singapore (pp. 174-205). United States of America: Routledge.